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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما جاء في تسري العبد
Chapter: Reports on the slave taking a concubine
Bayhaqi 13858 — Reports on the slave taking a concubine
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خُمَيْرَوَيْهِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، " أَنَّ غُلَامًا لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا: " أَرْجِعْهَا فَأَبَى " قَالَ: " هِيَ لَكَ اسْتَحِلَّهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ "، فِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِالرُّجُوعِ إِلَيْهَا بَعْدَ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، وَلَا رَجْعَةَ لِلْعَبْدِ بَعْدَهُمَا، فَكَأَنَّهُ اعْتَقَدَ أَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ لَمْ يَقَعْ، حَيْثُ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ فِيهِ، فَحِينَ أَبَى قَالَ: هِيَ لَكَ اسْتَحِلَّهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ، وَمَذْهَبُ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَلَى صِحَّةِ طَلَاقِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ التَّسَرِّيَ لِلْمَالِكِينَ، وَلَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مَالِكًا بِحَالٍ قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {ضَرَبَ اللهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ} [النحل: ٧٥]، وَذَكَرَ مَا رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا لَهُ مَالٌ، فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ ".
Abu Ma'bad says: Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) had a slave who gave his wife two divorces. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "Take her back." He refused, so Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "She is lawful for you by right of possession" (meaning: through marriage).
Indication: This hadith indicates that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) ordered the slave to take her back after two divorces, but he refused. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) believed that a slave cannot divorce without permission; that is why he said: "She is yours by right of possession" (meaning: through marriage), whereas the majority hold that his divorce is valid. And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Allah has made taking slave-women lawful only for owners, and a slave is never an owner in any state. Allah Almighty says: "Allah presents an example: a slave owned by another, who has no power over anything." [Surah al-Nahl: 75]
(b) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever sells a slave who has wealth, his wealth belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates (it)."
Indication: This hadith indicates that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) ordered the slave to take her back after two divorces, but he refused. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) believed that a slave cannot divorce without permission; that is why he said: "She is yours by right of possession" (meaning: through marriage), whereas the majority hold that his divorce is valid. And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Allah has made taking slave-women lawful only for owners, and a slave is never an owner in any state. Allah Almighty says: "Allah presents an example: a slave owned by another, who has no power over anything." [Surah al-Nahl: 75]
(b) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever sells a slave who has wealth, his wealth belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates (it)."
