السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما جاء في عضل الولي والمرأة تدعو إلى كفاءة
Reports on the guardian preventing marriage while the woman calls to a compatible match
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قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى وَهُوَ أَصْدَقُ الْقَائِلِينَ: {فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ} [البقرة: 232].
Allah Almighty, and He is the most truthful of all who speak, said: "Then do not prevent them from marrying their (former) husbands." [Surah al-Baqarah: 232]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ التَّمِيمِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ أَنْ يَنْكِحْنَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ} [البقرة: ٢٣٢] قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِيهِ قَالَ: " كُنْتُ زَوَّجْتُ أُخْتًا لِي مِنْ رَجُلٍ، فَطَلَّقَهَا حَتَّى إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا جَاءَ، فَخَطَبَهَا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: زَوَّجْتُكَ وَأَفْرَشْتُكَ وَأَكْرَمْتُكَ، فَطَلَّقْتَهَا، ثُمَّ جِئْتَ تَخْطُبُهَا، لَا وَاللهِ لَا تَعُودُ إِلَيْهَا أَبَدًا قَالَ: وَكَانَ رَجُلًا لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ: فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: الْآنَ أَفْعَلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَزَوَّجْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ.
Hasan (al-Basri) (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "Do not prevent the women who wish to marry their husbands." [Surah al-Baqarah: 232] that Sayyiduna Ma'qil bin Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him) told him that this verse was revealed concerning him. (He said:) I married my sister to a man, and he divorced her. When her waiting period ended, he proposed to her again. I said to him: I married you (to her) and honoured you, but you divorced her, and now you have come proposing to her again. By Allah! You will never go back to her. The narrator said: There was nothing wrong with the man, and the woman also wanted to return (to him). So Allah Almighty revealed this verse. I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Now I have married her to him.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ بِهَمَذَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ السَّمُرِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، ثنا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُوسَى، يَقُولُ: ثنا الزُّهْرِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، تَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، يَقُولُ: " أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهَا، ⦗٢٢٤⦘ فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، فَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا، فَلَهَا مَهْرُهَا بِمَا أَصَابَهَا، وَإِنْ تَشَاجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ " وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ، وَشُرَيْحٍ، قَالُوا: " لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً يَعْضِلُهَا الْوَلِيُّ فَتَأْتِي السُّلْطَانَ أَوِ الْقَاضِيَ " وَعَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِنْ كَانَ كُفُؤًا، فَقُولُوا لِأَبِيهَا يُزَوِّجُهَا، فَإِنْ أَبَى، فَزَوِّجُوهَا، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardians, her marriage is void, her marriage is void. If (the husband) has had intercourse with her, then the mahr is hers. If the guardians dispute among themselves, then the ruler is the guardian of the one who has no guardian."
(b) Mujalid narrates from al-Sha'bi, and he from Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) and Shurayh, that marriage is not valid without a guardian, except for a woman whose guardian prevents her (from marrying); she may then go to the ruler or the judge.
(c) Ziyad bin Ilaqah said that Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote: If a suitable match (kuf') is available, then tell the woman's father to marry her off; and if he refuses, then you marry her off.
(b) Mujalid narrates from al-Sha'bi, and he from Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) and Shurayh, that marriage is not valid without a guardian, except for a woman whose guardian prevents her (from marrying); she may then go to the ruler or the judge.
(c) Ziyad bin Ilaqah said that Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote: If a suitable match (kuf') is available, then tell the woman's father to marry her off; and if he refuses, then you marry her off.
