السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: مساواة المرأة الرجل في حكم الحجاب والنظر إلى الأجانب
The woman being equal to the man in the ruling of hijab and looking at non-mahrams
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قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ} [النور: 31] الْآيَةَ.
Allah Almighty says: "And tell the believing women to lower their gazes and guard their private parts." [Surah al-Nur: 31] (to the end of the verse)
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دُرُسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، أنبأ نَافِعُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، حَدَّثَنِي عُقَيْلُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ نَبْهَانَ، مَوْلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا وَمَيْمُونَةُ جَالِسَتَانِ، فَجَلَسَ، فَاسْتَأْذَنَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ الْأَعْمَى، فَقَالَ: " ⦗١٤٨⦘ احْتَجِبَا مِنْهُ "، فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلَيْسَ بِأَعْمَى لَا يُبْصِرُنَا؟ قَالَ: " فَأَنْتُمَا لَا تُبْصِرَانِهِ؟ ".
Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) entered the house of Sayyidah Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with her), where Sayyidah Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with her) and I were sitting. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umm Maktum (may Allah be pleased with him), who was blind, asked permission (to enter), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Both of you, screen yourselves from him." We said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Is he not blind? He cannot even see us. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Are you two not seeing him?"
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، أنبأ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي نَبْهَانُ مَوْلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعِنْدَهُ مَيْمُونَةُ، فَأَقْبَلَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ أُمِرْنَا بِالْحِجَابِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ: " احْتَجِبَا "، فَقُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلَيْسَ أَعْمَى، لَا يُبْصِرُنَا وَلَا يَعْرِفُنَا؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَفَعَمْيَاوَانِ أَنْتُمَا أَلَسْتُمَا تُبْصِرَانِهِ؟ ".
Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I was with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Maymunah was with him. Then Ibn Umm Maktum came, and that was after we had been commanded to observe hijab, and he came in upon us. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Both of you, screen yourselves (from him)." We said: O Messenger of Allah! Is he not blind? He can neither see us nor recognise us. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Are you two blind as well? Do you not see him?"
وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: وَاللهِ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُومُ عَلَى بَابِ حُجْرَتِي وَالْحَبَشَةُ يَلْعَبُونَ بِالْحِرَابِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْتُرُنِي بِرِدَائِهِ لِأَنْظُرَ إِلَى لَعِبِهِمْ بَيْنَ أُذُنَيْهِ وَعَيْنَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ مِنْ أَجْلِي حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَنَا الَّتِي أَنْصَرِفُ، فَاقْدُرُوا قَدْرَ الْجَارِيَةِ الْحَدِيثَةِ السِّنِّ الْحَرِيصَةِ عَلَى اللهْوِ " أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: By Allah! I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) standing at the door of my apartment while the Abyssinians were playing with spears in the mosque, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) would screen me with his cloak so that I could watch their play. I would watch from between his ears and his eyes. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) would remain standing for my sake until I was the one who turned away first. So estimate how eager a young girl is for play.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ الْبَزَّارُ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا، وَعِنْدَهَا جَارِيَتَانِ فِي أَيَّامِ مِنًى، تُغَنِّيَانِ، وَتُدَفِّفَانِ، وَتَضْرِبَانِ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُتَغَشٍّ بِثَوْبِهِ، فَانْتَهَرَهُنَّ ⦗١٤٩⦘ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَكَشَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَقَالَ: " دَعْهُمَا يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَإِنَّهَا أَيَّامُ عِيدٍ، وَتِلْكَ أَيَّامُ مِنًى " وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: " رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْتُرُنِي بِثَوْبِهِ، وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، وَهُمْ يَلْعَبُونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَأَنَا جَارِيَةٌ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ بِزِيَادَةِ لَفْظٍ فِي آخِرِهِ: فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَأَنَا جَارِيَةٌ، وَنُقْصَانٌ آخَرُ فَفِي قَوْلِهِ فِي هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةِ وَأَنَا جَارِيَةٌ كَالدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ صَغِيرَةً لَمْ تَبْلُغْ وَمِمَّا يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) came in while girls with me were singing and beating the daff on the days of Mina, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting wrapped in his garment. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) stopped them, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) removed the cloth from his face and said: "O Abu Bakr! Leave them, for these are days of celebration." This was on the days of Mina, while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was in Madinah. Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) screening me with his garment while I looked at the Abyssinians, who were playing in the mosque, and at that time I was a young girl.
مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ لَعِبَتِ الْحَبَشَةُ بِحِرَابِهِمْ فَرَحًا بِقُدُومِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ، وَمَا رَوَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ وَاحِدَةً، فَفِيهَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ غَيْرَ بَالِغَةٍ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ، فَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَنَى بِهَا حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ عَلَيْهِنَّ الْحِجَابُ ".
It is narrated from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, the Abyssinians played with their spears out of joy at his (peace and blessings be upon him) arrival. If this incident and what Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated are one and the same, then there is evidence in it that Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) had not reached puberty at that time, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took her into his home when he came to Madinah, and she was nine years old. It is also possible that this happened before the verse of hijab.
فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ فِي حِصْنِ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، فَكَانَتْ أُمُّ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ مَعَهَا فِي الْحِصْنِ، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ عَلَيْهِنَّ الْحِجَابُ ".
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that she was in the fortress of Banu Harithah on the day of the Battle of al-Ahzab, and the mother of Sa'd bin Mu'adh was with her. This incident was before the verse of hijab was revealed.
The account of Abu Lubabah's repentance is mentioned from Ibn Ishaq in the story of Banu Qurayzah. Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I said: O Messenger of Allah! Shall I give him the good news? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Of course (give it)." She said: I stood at the door, and this was before the verse of hijab was revealed, and I said: Abu Lubabah! Rejoice, Allah Almighty has accepted your repentance.
The account of Abu Lubabah's repentance is mentioned from Ibn Ishaq in the story of Banu Qurayzah. Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I said: O Messenger of Allah! Shall I give him the good news? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Of course (give it)." She said: I stood at the door, and this was before the verse of hijab was revealed, and I said: Abu Lubabah! Rejoice, Allah Almighty has accepted your repentance.
