السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الصدقات
Book of the Division of Sadaqah
باب: نقل الصدقة إذا لم يكن حولها من يستحقها
Transferring charity when there is no one around entitled to it
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ الْمُقْرِئُ بْنِ الْحَمَامِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ النِّجَادُ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَاكِرٍ، ثنا عَفَّانُ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي أُنَاسٍ مِنْ قَوْمِي، فَجَعَلَ يَفْرِضُ رِجَالًا مِنْ طَيِّئٍ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ وَيُعْرِضُ عَنِّي، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتَعْرِفُنِي؟ قَالَ: فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى اسْتَلْقَى لِقَفَاهُ، قَالَ: " نَعَمْ وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُكَ، قَدْ آمَنْتَ إِذْ كَفَرُوا، وَأَقْبَلْتَ إِذْ أَدْبَرُوا، وَأَوْفَيْتَ إِذْ غَدَرُوا، وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ صَدَقَةٍ بَيَّضَتْ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَوَجْهَ أَصْحَابِهِ صَدَقَةُ طَيِّءٍ، جِئْتَ بِهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ "، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ يَعْتَذِرُ قَالَ: " إِنَّمَا فَرَضْتُ لِقَوْمٍ أَجْحَفَتْ بِهِمُ الْفَاقَةُ وَهُمْ فَاقَةُ عَشَائِرِهِمْ لِمَا يَنُوبُهُمْ مِنَ الْحُقُوقِ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مُخْتَصَرًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him): I came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) with some people of my tribe. He began assigning stipends of two thousand to men of (the tribe of) Tayyi', and turned away from me. So I said: O Commander of the Believers! Do you know me? Adi said: He laughed until he fell back, and said: Yes, by Allah, I know you. You believed when they disbelieved, you came forward when they turned their backs, and you were loyal when they betrayed. The first sadaqah that made the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the faces of his Companions shine was the sadaqah of (the tribe of) Tayyi', which you brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then he began to apologise and said: I have only assigned (stipends) to people whom poverty has crushed, and they are the needy of their clans, because of the obligations that fall upon them.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَازُ، ثنا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ الطَّائِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " وَأَوَّلُ صَدَقَةٍ بَيَّضَتْ وَجْهَ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَدَقَةُ طَيِّئٍ جِئْتَ بِهَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقُلْتَ: أَمَا إِنِّي أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ أَوَّلَ كَمَا أَتَيْتُكَ بِهَا ".
Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim al-Ta'i (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him); then the narrator mentioned part of the meaning of the previous hadith, except that in it he said: "The first sadaqah that made the faces of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) shine was the sadaqah of (the tribe of) Tayyi', which you brought to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and you said: 'Listen, I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) last year just as I have come to you with it.'"
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فِي قِصَّةِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " أَمَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ قَوْمِهِ، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَتْ عِنْدَهُ إِبِلٌ عَظِيمَةٌ مِنْ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا ارْتَدَّ مَنِ ارْتَدَّ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَبَلَغَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ قَدِ ارْتَجَعُوا صَدَقَاتِهِمْ، وَارْتَدَّتْ بَنُو أَسَدٍ وَهُمْ جِيرَانُهُمْ، اجْتَمَعَتْ طَيِّئٌ إِلَى عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، وَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا مِنْهُ الْجَدَّ كَفُّوا ⦗١٦⦘ عَنْهُ وَسَلَّمُوا لَهُ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ خَرَجَ بِهَا، فَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ إِبِلٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ قَدِمَتْ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ هِيَ، وَإِبِلُ الزِّبْرِقَانِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ " قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزِّبْرِقَانِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ السَّعْدِيِّ، أَنَّ بَنِي سَعْدٍ اجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهَمْ، وَأَنْ يَصْنَعَ بِهِمْ مَا صَنَعَ مَالِكُ بْنُ نُوَيْرَةَ بِقَوْمِهِ، فَأَبَى وَتَمَسَّكَ بِمَا فِي يَدِهِ، وَثبَتَ عَلَى إِسْلَامِهِ، وَقَالَ: لَا تَعْجَلُوا يَا قَوْمُ، فَإِنَّهُ وَاللهِ لَيَقُومَنَّ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ قَائِمٌ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً قَالَ فَدَفَعَهُمْ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ اجْتِمَاعُ النَّاسِ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَخَرَجَ بِهَا، وَقَدْ تَفَرَّقَ الْقَوْمُ عَنْهُ لَيْلًا وَمَعَهُ الرِّجَالُ يَطْرُدُونَهَا، فَمَا عَلِمُوا بِهِ حَتَّى أَتَاهُمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَدَّاهَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْإِبِلُ الَّتِي قَدِمَ بِهَا الزِّبْرِقَانُ وَعَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ أَوَّلَ إِبِلٍ وَافَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ طَيِّئٍ، وَالزِّبْرِقَانَ بْنِ بَدْرٍ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي سَعْدٍ، وَطُلَيْحَةَ بْنَ خُوَيْلِدٍ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي أَسَدٍ، وَعُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ حِصْنٍ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ، وَمَالِكَ بْنَ نُوَيْرَةَ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي يَرْبُوعٍ، وَالْفُجَاءَةَ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ وَفَاةُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعِنْدَهُمْ أَمْوَالٌ كَثِيرَةٌ رَدُّوهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهَا إِلَّا عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ، وَالزِّبْرِقَانَ بْنَ بَدْرٍ، فَإِنَّهُمَا تَمَسَّكَا بِهَا وَدَفَعَا عَنْهَا النَّاسَ حَتَّى أَدَّيَاهَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ".
Ibn Ishaq relates, in the story of Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed him over the sadaqat of his people. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away while a large number of camels from their sadaqat had gathered with him. When those people who apostatised apostatised, and news reached them (Tayyi') that they had taken back their sadaqat, and Banu Asad, who were their neighbours, also apostatised, (the tribe of) Tayyi' gathered around Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him), and the narrator mentioned the whole story. He said: When they saw his determination, they held back from him and submitted to him. When the Muslims united upon Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), he set out with them (the camels), and they, together with the camels of al-Zibriqan bin Badr (may Allah be pleased with him), were the first sadaqah camels to reach Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him).
Ibn Ishaq said: The story of al-Zibriqan bin Badr al-Sa'di (may Allah be pleased with him) is that Banu Sa'd gathered around him and asked him to return their wealth to them and to treat them as Malik bin Nuwayrah had treated his people. He refused, held on to what was in his hands, remained firm on his Islam, and said: O my people, do not be hasty, for by Allah, someone will certainly take charge of this matter after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then the narrator mentioned a story and said: He kept them away from himself until news reached him that the people had united upon Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he set out with them (the camels) at night, after his people had dispersed from him, with men driving them along, and they did not know of it until news came to them that he had delivered them to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). These camels which al-Zibriqan and Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with them both) brought were the first sadaqah camels to reach Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) after the passing of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
Ibn Ishaq said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) over the sadaqat of Tayyi', al-Zibriqan bin Badr (may Allah be pleased with him) over the sadaqat of Banu Sa'd, Tulayhah bin Khuwaylid over the sadaqat of Banu Asad, Uyaynah bin Hisn over the sadaqat of Banu Fazarah, Malik bin Nuwayrah over the sadaqat of Banu Yarbu', and al-Fuja'ah over the sadaqat of Banu Sulaym. When news of the passing of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) reached them, while they held a great deal of wealth, they returned it to its owners, except Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim and al-Zibriqan bin Badr (may Allah be pleased with them both). They held on to that wealth, kept people away from it, and delivered it to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him).
Ibn Ishaq said: The story of al-Zibriqan bin Badr al-Sa'di (may Allah be pleased with him) is that Banu Sa'd gathered around him and asked him to return their wealth to them and to treat them as Malik bin Nuwayrah had treated his people. He refused, held on to what was in his hands, remained firm on his Islam, and said: O my people, do not be hasty, for by Allah, someone will certainly take charge of this matter after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then the narrator mentioned a story and said: He kept them away from himself until news reached him that the people had united upon Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he set out with them (the camels) at night, after his people had dispersed from him, with men driving them along, and they did not know of it until news came to them that he had delivered them to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). These camels which al-Zibriqan and Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with them both) brought were the first sadaqah camels to reach Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) after the passing of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
Ibn Ishaq said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) over the sadaqat of Tayyi', al-Zibriqan bin Badr (may Allah be pleased with him) over the sadaqat of Banu Sa'd, Tulayhah bin Khuwaylid over the sadaqat of Banu Asad, Uyaynah bin Hisn over the sadaqat of Banu Fazarah, Malik bin Nuwayrah over the sadaqat of Banu Yarbu', and al-Fuja'ah over the sadaqat of Banu Sulaym. When news of the passing of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) reached them, while they held a great deal of wealth, they returned it to its owners, except Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim and al-Zibriqan bin Badr (may Allah be pleased with them both). They held on to that wealth, kept people away from it, and delivered it to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو يَعْلَى، ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ، عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَا زِلْتُ أُحِبُّ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ سَمِعْتُهُنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " هُمْ أَشَدُّ أُمَّتِي عَلَى الدَّجَّالِ " وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا نَسَمَةٌ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ وَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ "، وَجَاءَتْ صَدَقَاتُهُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هَذِهِ صَدَقَاتُ قَوْمِنَا " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I have loved Banu Tamim greatly ever since I heard three things (about them) from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): (1) He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Of my Ummah, they are the sternest against the Dajjal." (2) Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) had a slave-girl from them, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "Set her free, for she is from the descendants of Isma'il." (3) Their sadaqat arrived, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "These are the sadaqat of our people."
