السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الهبات
Book of Gifts
باب: ما جاء في تفسير العمرى والرقبى التي وردت في الأخبار المطلقة
Reports explaining the umra and ruqba mentioned in the general reports
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: " تَأْوِيلُ الْعُمْرَى أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: هَذِهِ الدَّارُ لَكَ عُمُرَكَ، أَوْ يَقُولَ لَهُ: هَذِهِ الدَّارُ لَكَ عُمُرِي " قَالَ: وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنِي حَجَّاجٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْعُمْرَى بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ أَوْ نَحْوِهِ.
Abu Ubayd (may Allah have mercy on him) says: 'Umra means that a man says to another man: This house is yours as long as you live, or he says: This house is yours as long as I live. Something similar is also reported from Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) in explaining 'umra.
Abu Ubaydah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Regarding ruqba, Abu al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ruqba is that a man says: If you die before me, this will return to me, and if I die before you, it is yours.
Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Ruqba is that someone says: This is for so-and-so, and if he dies, it is for so-and-so.
Abu Ubaydah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Regarding ruqba, Abu al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ruqba is that a man says: If you die before me, this will return to me, and if I die before you, it is yours.
Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Ruqba is that someone says: This is for so-and-so, and if he dies, it is for so-and-so.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: " الْعُمْرَى أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: هُوَ لَكَ مَا عِشْتَ، فَإِذَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ لَهُ وَلِوَرَثَتِهِ، وَالرُّقْبَى أَنْ يَقُولَ الْإِنْسَانُ: هُوَ لِآخِرِ مَنْ بَقِيَ مِنِّي وَمِنْكَ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ يَذْهَبُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ إِلَى ظَاهِرِ مَا رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، وَهُوَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا لَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ، فَإِنْ جَعَلَهَا لَهُ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ عَقِبَهُ، قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: هِيَ بَاطِلَةٌ، وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ: إِذَا مَاتَ الْمُعْمَرُ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى الْمُعْمِرِ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ فِي الْجَدِيدِ إِلَى سَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ الَّتِي دَلَّتْ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا جَعَلَهَا لَهُ حَيَاتَهُ وَسَلَّمَهَا إِلَيْهِ كَانَتْ لَهُ وَلِعَقِبِهِ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمَذْهَبُ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الرُّقْبَى.
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) says: 'Umra is that a man says to another: It is yours as long as you live. When he says that, it becomes his and his heirs'. And ruqba is that a person says: It belongs to whichever of us two dies last.
The Shaykh says: In his old position, Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) followed the apparent meaning of what al-Zuhri narrated, namely that he gives it to him and his heirs. If he did not mention the heirs, he said in one place that it is void, and in another place he said: When the recipient dies, it returns to the giver. Then in his new position he followed the other narrations, which show that when he gives it to him for his lifetime and hands it over to him, it belongs to him and his heirs. This is the (adopted) position, and the same applies to ruqba.
The Shaykh says: In his old position, Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) followed the apparent meaning of what al-Zuhri narrated, namely that he gives it to him and his heirs. If he did not mention the heirs, he said in one place that it is void, and in another place he said: When the recipient dies, it returns to the giver. Then in his new position he followed the other narrations, which show that when he gives it to him for his lifetime and hands it over to him, it belongs to him and his heirs. This is the (adopted) position, and the same applies to ruqba.
