السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الهبات
Book of Gifts
باب: شرط القبض في الهبة
The condition of taking possession in a gift
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: " إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ نَحَلَهَا جِدَادَ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ مَالٍ بِالْغَابَةِ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ ⦗٢٨١⦘ الْوَفَاةُ قَالَ: وَاللهِ يَا بُنَيَّةُ، مَا مِنَ النَّاسِ أَحَدٌ أَحَبَّ إِلِيَّ غِنًى بَعْدِي مِنْكِ، وَلَا أَعَزَّ عَلَيَّ فَقْرًا بَعْدِي مِنْكِ، وَإِنِّي كُنْتُ نَحَلْتُكِ مِنْ مَالِي جِدَادَ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا، فَلَوْ كُنْتِ جَدَدْتِيهِ وَاحْتَزْتِيهِ كَانَ لَكِ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مَالُ الْوَارِثِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ أَخَوَاكِ وَأُخْتَاكِ فَاقْتَسِمُوهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا أَبَتِ، وَاللهِ لَوْ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا لَتَرَكْتُهُ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَسْمَاءُ فَمَنِ الْأُخْرَى؟ قَالَ: ذُو بَطْنِ بِنْتِ خَارِجَةَ، أُرَاهَا جَارِيَةً " قَالَ: وَأَنْبَأَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِذَلِكَ، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ يُحَدِّثُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يُحَدِّثُ بِذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَرْضًا يُقَالُ لَهَا: تَمْرَدُ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ لَمْ تَقْبِضْهَا.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), said that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) gave her twenty wasqs of dates, to be cut at harvest, from his property at al-Ghabah. When the time of death came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: "O my daughter, there is no one among the people whose being wealthy after me is dearer to me than you, nor anyone whose being in need after me is harder on me than you. I had given you twenty wasqs of dates to be cut at harvest. If you had cut them and taken possession of them, (it would have been yours); otherwise it is the property of the heirs, and they are your two brothers and two sisters, so divide it according to the Book of Allah." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "O my father, by Allah, even if it were such-and-such (much more), I would have left it. My sister is only Sayyidah Asma (may Allah be pleased with her) - who is the other?" He said: "The one in the womb of (my wife) the daughter of Kharijah; I think it is a girl."
Al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) also narrated it likewise, except that he said it was land called Tamrad, which remained with him and she had not taken possession of it.
Al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) also narrated it likewise, except that he said it was land called Tamrad, which remained with him and she had not taken possession of it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدٌ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، مِنْهُمْ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ وَيُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَنْحَلُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ نُحْلًا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُونَهَا، فَإِنْ مَاتَ ابْنُ أَحَدِهِمْ قَالَ: مَالِي بِيَدِي لَمْ أُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا، وَإِنْ مَاتَ هُوَ قَالَ: قَدْ كُنْتُ أَعْطَيْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ، مَنْ نَحَلَ نِحْلَةً لَمْ يَحُزْهَا الَّذِي نَحَلَهَا حَتَّى تَكُونَ إِنْ مَاتَ لِوَارِثِهِ فَهِيَ بَاطِلٌ ".
Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "What is the matter with people who give gifts to their sons and then withhold them? If the son of one of them dies, he says: 'My property is with me; I did not give it to anyone.' And if he himself is dying, he says (before his death): 'It belongs to my son; I had given it to him.' Whoever gives a gift to someone and the one to whom it was given does not take possession of it, so that on his death it belongs to his heirs, then that gift is void."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدٌ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ السَّبَّاقِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِذَلِكَ.
Likewise as the previous report is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " الَأَنْحَالُ مِيرَاثٌ مَا لَمْ يُقْبَضْ " وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: لَا تَجُوزُ صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى تُقْبَضَ وَعَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ وَشُرَيْحٍ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا لَا يُجِيزَانِهَا حَتَّى تُقْبَضَ.
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "A gift is inheritance as long as possession has not been taken."
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), Ibn Umar and Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) that charity (sadaqah) is not valid until possession is taken. Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) and Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Giving a gift is not valid until possession is taken."
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him), Ibn Umar and Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) that charity (sadaqah) is not valid until possession is taken. Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) and Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Giving a gift is not valid until possession is taken."
