السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الإجارة
Book of Hiring
باب: لا تجوز الإجارة حتى تكون معلومة، وتكون الأجرة معلومة
Hiring is not valid until the work and the wage are known
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اسْتِدْلَالًا بِمَا رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ، وَالِإجَارَاتُ صِنْفٌ مِنَ الْبُيُوعِ، وَالْجَهَالَةُ فِيهَا غَرَرٌ.
Taking as evidence what we have narrated in the Book of Sales from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the sale involving deception (gharar); and hire contracts are a type of sale, and the lack of knowledge (of anything) in them is deception.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هِلَالٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا يُسَاوِمِ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى سَوْمِ أَخِيهِ، وَلَا يَخْطُبْ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ، وَلَا تَنَاجَشُوا، وَلَا تَبَايَعُوا بِإِلْقَاءِ الْحَجَرِ، وَمَنِ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيرًا فَلْيُعْلِمْهُ أَجْرَهُ " كَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، وَكَذَا فِي كِتَابِي عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَقِيلَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A man should not bargain over his brother's bargain, nor propose over his brother's proposal, nor bid (to inflate the price), nor transact sales by throwing a stone; and whoever hires someone should settle his wage with him."
وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " نَهَى عَنِ اسْتِئْجَارِ الْأَجِيرِ، يَعْنِي حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ لَهُ أَجْرَهُ " أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗١٩٩⦘ مُحَمَّدٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ. وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ بَيْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ مُرْسَلًا.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) "forbade hiring a worker, that is, until he makes his wage clear to him."
It is mursal (with a break in the chain) between Ibrahim and Abu Sa'id.
It is mursal (with a break in the chain) between Ibrahim and Abu Sa'id.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا ابْنُ عُثْمَانَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ هُوَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: وَثنا يَعْقُوبُ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، جَمِيعًا عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ لَقِيطٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ هِدْمٍ، يَعْنِي عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: " غَزَوْنَا وَعَلَيْنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، وَفِينَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، فَأَصَابَتْنَا مَخْمَصَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَلْتَمِسُ الْمَعِيشَةَ، فَأَلْفَيْتُ قَوْمًا يُرِيدُونَ يَنْحَرُونَ جَزُورًا لَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنْ شِئْتُمْ كَفَيْتُكُمْ نَحْرَهَا وَعَمَلَهَا وَأَعْطُونِي مِنْهَا، فَفَعَلْتُ فَأَعْطَوْنِي مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، فَصَنَعْتُهُ ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَسَأَلَنِي: مِنْ أَيْنَ هُوَ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: أُسْمِعُكَ قَدْ تَعَجَّلْتَ أَجْرَكَ، وَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ لِي مِثْلَهَا، وَأَبَى أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ تَرَكْتُهَا، قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَبْرَدُونِي فِي فَتْحٍ لَنَا، فَقَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: صَاحِبُ الْجَزُورِ، وَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ شَيْئًا، وَفِي حَدِيثِ سَعِيدٍ: لَمْ يَزِدْنِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَفِي هَذَا إِنَّ الْأُجْرَةَ كَانَتْ مَجْهُولَةً، وَفِي الذِّمَّةِ مُعَلَّقَةً بِعَيْنٍ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We went on a campaign, and our commander was Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him), and among us were Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab and Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah (may Allah be pleased with them both). We were struck by severe hunger. I went out to look for some means of living, and I found some people who wanted to slaughter a camel. I said: If you wish, I will do the slaughtering and the work for you, and you give me some of it. I did so, and they gave me some of it, and I cooked it. Then I came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he asked: Where is this from? I told him, and he said: You have hastened your wage, and he refused to eat it. Then I told Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said the same as Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had said, and refused to eat it. Seeing this, I left it. He said: Then we were granted a victory, and they sent me as a courier with its news, so I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The man of the camel," and he said nothing more to me.
The Shaykh said: This shows that the wage was unknown, and that it was owed as a liability tied to a specific thing, and Allah knows best.
The Shaykh said: This shows that the wage was unknown, and that it was owed as a liability tied to a specific thing, and Allah knows best.
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ الْقَاضِي، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا: " أَعْطُوا الْأَجِيرَ أَجْرَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجِفَّ عَرَقُهُ، وَأَعْلِمْهُ أَجْرَهُ وَهُوَ فِي عَمَلِهِ " أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الْقَطَّانُ الْإِسْفِرَايِينِيُّ بِهَا، ثنا أَبُو عُمَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْوَرْدِ الْمَقْدِسِيُّ بِإِسْفَرَائِينَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي زَيْدٍ الْقَاضِي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ، وَهَذَا ضَعِيفٌ بِمَرَّةٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him): "Give the worker his due before his sweat dries, and inform him of his wage while he is at his work."
This is extremely weak.
This is extremely weak.
وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الْعَدْلُ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، ثنا سُلَيْمُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: " نَشَأْتُ يَتِيمًا، وَهَاجَرْتُ مِسْكِينًا، وَكُنْتُ أَجِيرًا لِابْنِ عَفَّانَ وَابْنَةِ غَزْوَانَ عَلَى طَعَامِ بَطْنِي وَعُقْبَةِ رِجْلِي، أَحْتَطِبُ لَهُمْ إِذَا نَزَلُوا، وَأَحْدُو بِهِمْ إِذَا سَارُوا، فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الدِّينَ قِوَامًا، وَأَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ إِمَامًا " ⦗٢٠٠⦘ فَلَيْسَ فِي هَذَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلِمَ بِهِ فَأَقَرَّهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا مُوَاضَعَةً بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى سَبِيلِ التَّرَاضِي لَا عَلَى سَبِيلِ التَّعَاقُدِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I grew up an orphan and I emigrated as a poor man, and I was a hired worker for Ibn Affan and the daughter of Ghazwan, in return for the food of my stomach and a turn at riding. I would gather firewood for them when they camped, and chant the camel-song for them when they travelled.
So all praise is for Allah, who made the religion a mainstay and made Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) an imam.
There is nothing in this to show that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) knew of it and let it stand, and it is possible that this was an arrangement between them by way of mutual consent, not by way of a contract.
So all praise is for Allah, who made the religion a mainstay and made Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) an imam.
There is nothing in this to show that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) knew of it and let it stand, and it is possible that this was an arrangement between them by way of mutual consent, not by way of a contract.
وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَا يَرَى بَأْسًا أَنْ يَدْفَعَ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ الثَّوْبَ فَيَقُولُ: " بِعْهُ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، فَمَا زِدْتَ فَهُوَ لَكَ " وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِذَلِكَ. وَهَذَا أَيْضًا يَكُونُ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْمُرَاضَاةِ لَا عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْمُعَاقَدَةِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) saw no harm in a man giving a garment to another man and saying: "Sell it for such-and-such; whatever you get above that is yours."
This too would be by way of mutual consent, not by way of a binding contract, and Allah knows best.
This too would be by way of mutual consent, not by way of a binding contract, and Allah knows best.
