السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الوكالة
Book of Agency
باب: التوكيل في المال، وطلب الحقوق وقضائها، وذبح الهدايا وقسمها، والبيع والشراء والنفقة، وغير ذلك
Appointing an agent for wealth, claiming and settling rights, slaughtering and distributing sacrificial animals, buying, selling, spending and other matters
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا عَمِّي، ثنا أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يُحَدِّثُ قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي أَرَدْتُ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، فَقَالَ " إِذَا أَتَيْتَ وَكِيلِي فَخُذْ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ وَسْقًا؛ فَإِنِ ابْتَغَى مِنْكَ آيَةً فَضَعْ يَدَكَ عَلَى تَرْقُوَتِهِ ".
Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: I intended to go to Khaybar, so I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), greeted him with salam and said that I intended to go to Khaybar. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you go to my agent, take fifteen wasqs of dates from him. If he asks you for a sign, place your hand on his throat."
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرَقِيِّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقُمْتُ عَلَى الْبُدْنِ فَأَمَرَنِي فَقَسَمْتُ لُحُومَهَا، ثُمَّ أَمَرَنِي فَقَسَمْتُ جِلَالَهَا وَجُلُودَهَا ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered me "to stand over the sacrificial camels," and ordered me to distribute their meat, and to distribute their saddle-cloths and their skins.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَيَّارٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى الْبُدْنِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي تَقَاضَى رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِنًّا كَانَتْ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ: " اشْتَرُوا لَهُ بَعِيرًا فَأَعْطُوهُ إِيَّاهُ "، وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ فِي قِصَّةِ بَيْعِ بَعِيرِهِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَا بِلَالُ، اقْضِهِ وَزِدْهُ " فَأَعْطَاهُ أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ، وَزَادَهُ قِيرَاطًا.
The wording of one narration is: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed me over the sacrificial camels. The narration of Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) is in the story of the man who demanded from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) the camels that were owed by him (peace and blessings be upon him): "Buy a camel for him and give that to him." In the wording of one narration, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Pay him and give him extra too." So he gave him four dinars and an extra qirat.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الرَّازِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَلَّامٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ الْهَوْزَنِيُّ يَعْنِي أَبَا عَامِرٍ الْهَوْزَنِيَّ قَالَ: لَقِيتُ بِلَالًا مُؤَذِّنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِحَلَبَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا بِلَالُ، حَدِّثْنِي كَيْفَ كَانَتْ نَفَقَةُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا كَانَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنَا الَّذِي كُنْتُ أَلِي ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ مُنْذُ بَعَثَهُ اللهُ إِلَى أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ، فَكَانَ إِذَا أَتَاهُ الْإِنْسَانُ الْمُسْلِمُ فَرَآهُ عَارِيًا يَأْمُرُنِي فَأَنْطَلِقُ فَأَسْتَقْرِضُ فَأَشْتَرِيَ الْبُرْدَةَ وَالشَّيْءَ فَأَكْسُوَهُ وَأُطْعِمَهُ، حَتَّى اعْتَرَضَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَالَ: يَا بِلَالُ، إِنَّ عِنْدِي سَعَةً، فَلَا تَسْتَقْرِضْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا مِنِّي، فَفَعَلْتُ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ تَوَضَّأْتُ ثُمَّ قُمْتُ لِأُؤَذِّنَ بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَإِذَا الْمُشْرِكُ فِي عِصَابَةٍ مِنَ التُّجَّارِ، فَلَمَّا رَآنِي قَالَ: يَا حَبَشِيُّ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا لَبَيَّهِ، فَتَجَهَّمَنِي وَقَالَ قَوْلًا غَلِيظًا، فَقَالَ: أَتَدْرِي كَمْ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الشَّهْرِ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: قَرِيبٌ، قَالَ: إِنَّمَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ أَرْبَعُ لَيَالٍ، فَآخُذُكَ بِالَّذِي لِي عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنِّي لَمْ أُعْطِكَ الَّذِي أَعْطَيْتُكَ مِنْ كَرَامَتِكَ، وَلَا مِنْ كَرَامَةِ صَاحِبِكَ، وَلَكِنْ أَعْطَيْتُكَ لِتَجِبَ لِي عَبْدًا؛ فَأَرُدُّكَ تَرْعَى الْغَنَمَ كَمَا كُنْتَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَأَخَذَ فِي نَفْسِي مَا يَأْخُذُ فِي أَنْفُسِ النَّاسِ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ ثُمَّ أَذَّنْتُ بِالصَّلَاةِ، حَتَّى إِذَا صَلَّيْتُ الْعَتَمَةَ رَجَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَذِنَ لِي، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي، إِنَّ الْمُشْرِكَ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ لَكَ أَنِّي كُنْتُ أَتَدَيَّنُ مِنْهُ قَدْ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ مَا تَقْضِي عَنِّي، وَلَا عِنْدِي، وَهُوَ فَاضِحِي، فَأَذِنَ لِي أَنْ آتِيَ إِلَى بَعْضِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَحْيَاءِ الَّذِينَ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا حَتَّى يَرْزُقَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا يَقْضِي عَنِّي، فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ مَنْزِلِي، فَجَعَلْتُ سَيْفِي وَجِرَابِي وَرُمْحِي وَنَعْلِي عِنْدَ رَأْسِي وَاسْتَقْبَلْتُ بِوَجْهِيَ الْأُفُقَ، فَكُلَّمَا نِمْتُ انْتَبَهْتُ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُ عَلَيَّ لَيْلًا نِمْتُ، حَتَّى انْشَقَّ عَمُودُ الصُّبْحِ الْأَوَّلِ، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَنْطَلِقَ، فَإِذَا إِنْسَانٌ يَسْعَى يَدْعُو: يَا بِلَالُ، أَجِبْ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ، فَإِذَا أَرْبَعُ رَكَائِبَ عَلَيْهِنَّ أَحْمَالُهُنَّ، فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ، فَقَالَ لِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَبْشِرْ؛ فَقَدْ جَاءَكَ اللهُ بِقَضَائِكَ "، فَحَمِدْتُ اللهَ، وَقَالَ: " أَلَمْ تَمُرَّ عَلَى الرَّكَائِبِ الْمُنَاخَاتِ الْأَرْبَعِ؟ " قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: بَلَى، قَالَ: " فَإِنَّ لَكَ رِقَابَهُنَّ وَمَا عَلَيْهِنَّ "، وَإِذَا عَلَيْهِنَّ كِسْوَةٌ وَطَعَامٌ أَهْدَاهُنَّ لَهُ عَظِيمُ فَدَكٍ، " فَاقْبِضْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ اقْضِ دَيْنَكَ "، قَالَ: فَفَعَلْتُ فَحَطَطْتُ عَنْهُنَّ أَحْمَالَهُنَّ ثُمَّ عَقَلْتُهُنَّ ثُمَّ عَمَدْتُ إِلَى تَأْذِينِ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، حَتَّى إِذَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَجَعَلْتُ أُصْبُعِي فِي أُذُنِي، فَنَادَيْتُ وَقُلْتُ: مَنْ كَانَ يَطْلُبُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَيْنًا فَلْيَحْضُرْ، فَمَا زِلْتُ أَبِيعُ وَأَقْضِي وَأَعْرِضُ وَأَقْضِي حَتَّى لَمْ يَبْقَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَيْنٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ، حَتَّى فَضُلَ عِنْدِي أُوقِيَّتَانِ أَوْ أُوقِيَّةٌ وَنِصْفٌ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ عَامَّةُ النَّهَارِ، فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَاعِدٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَحْدَهُ، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لِي: " مَا فَعَلَ مَا قِبَلَكَ؟ " قَالَ: قُلْتُ: قَدْ قَضَى اللهُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ شَيْءٌ، فَقَالَ: " فَضُلَ شَيْءٌ؟ " قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ دِينَارَانِ، قَالَ: " ⦗١٣٤⦘ انْظُرْ أَنْ تُرِيحَنِي مِنْهُمَا، فَلَسْتُ بِدَاخِلٍ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِي حَتَّى تُرِيحَنِي مِنْهُمَا "، فَلَمْ يَأْتِنَا، فَبَاتَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ، وَظَلَّ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْيَوْمَ الثَّانِي حَتَّى كَانَ فِي آخِرِ النَّهَارِ جَاءَ رَاكِبَانِ فَانْطَلَقْتُ بِهِمَا فَكَسَوْتُهُمَا وَأَطْعَمْتُهُمَا، حَتَّى إِذَا صَلَّى الْعَتَمَةَ دَعَانِي فَقَالَ: " مَا فَعَلَ الَّذِي قِبَلَكَ؟ " قُلْتُ: قَدْ أَرَاحَكَ اللهُ مِنْهُ، فَكَبَّرَ وَحَمِدَ اللهَ شَفَقًا مِنْ أَنْ يُدْرِكَهُ الْمَوْتُ وَعِنْدَهُ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعْتُهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ أَزْوَاجَهُ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ امْرَأَةٍ حَتَّى أَتَى فِي مَبِيتِهِ، فَهَذَا الَّذِي سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْهُ.
Sayyiduna Abu Amir Abdullah al-Hawzani (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I met Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), the mu'adhdhin of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), at Halab. I said: O Bilal! Tell us about the spending of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the way of Allah. Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: From the time Allah sent him (peace and blessings be upon him) until his death, there was nothing of his (peace and blessings be upon him) that I was not put in charge of. When a Muslim came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw that he had no clothes, he (peace and blessings be upon him) would order me, and I would go, borrow, and buy a cloak or something else, then clothe him and feed him. This went on until a man from the polytheists confronted me and said: O Bilal! I have plenty of means, so do not borrow from anyone except me. So I began borrowing from him. One day I performed ablution and was about to call the adhan for the prayer when that polytheist appeared among a group of merchants. When he saw me he said: O Abyssinian! I answered him, and he turned on me with a scowl and began speaking harshly. He said: Do you know how many days are left until the month you promised? I said: It is near. He said: Only four nights are left. I will take my debt from you, for whatever I gave you, I did not give it out of honour for you or for your companion (Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)); rather, I gave it to you so that you would become my slave, and then I will send you back to herding sheep as you were before. I felt in myself what people feel in such a situation. I went and called the adhan for the prayer, until I had prayed the Isha prayer and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) returned to his house. I asked permission to come to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and was given permission. I said: O Messenger of Allah! May my father and mother be sacrificed for you, that polytheist I told you about, from whom I used to borrow, has said such and such. You (peace and blessings be upon him) have nothing with which to pay the debt, nor do I have anything, and he will disgrace me. Give me permission to go to those tribes who have accepted Islam until Allah provides His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) with something with which he can pay off my debt. I left and came to my house. I placed my sword, my bag, my spear and my sandals by my head and turned my face towards the horizon. Whenever sleep came over me I would start awake, and when I saw it was still night I would sleep, until the light of dawn broke. I intended to set off, and then a man came running, calling out: O Bilal! The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has called you. I came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and saw four laden animals kneeling there. I asked permission to enter, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Rejoice, O Bilal! Allah has sent wealth to pay off your debt." Then he said: "Did you not see those four laden animals?" I said: Of course, O Messenger of Allah! He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go and take those animals as well as the goods loaded on them. Clothing and food are loaded on them; the chief of Fadak sent them to me. Take them and pay off your debt." Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I did so. I unloaded their goods and hobbled them, then I set about calling the adhan for the Fajr prayer. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had led the prayer, I went out to al-Baqi', put my fingers in my ears, and called out: Whoever is owed a debt by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), let him come. I kept selling and paying, offering and paying, until no debt remained upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) anywhere on earth, and two uqiyahs or one and a half uqiyahs were left over. Then I went to the mosque, and most of the day had passed. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting alone in the mosque. I greeted him with salam, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "What became of that wealth?" I said: Allah has paid off everything that was owed by His Messenger; nothing remains upon you. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is anything left over from that wealth?" I said: Yes, two dinars. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Spend it quickly and relieve me of it; I will not enter my house until you have relieved me of it." But no one came to us, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) spent the night in the mosque until morning. He (peace and blessings be upon him) remained in the mosque on the second day as well, until at the end of the day two riders came. I went to them, clothed them and fed them. When he had prayed Isha, he (peace and blessings be upon him) called me and asked: "What became of that wealth?" I said: Allah Almighty has relieved you of it. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said the takbir and praised Allah, for he (peace and blessings be upon him) feared that death might overtake him while that wealth was still with him. Then I followed him (peace and blessings be upon him); he (peace and blessings be upon him) came to his wives and greeted each one of them with salam, until he came to the place where he was to sleep. This is what you asked me about.
