السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلح
Book of Reconciliation
باب: صلح الإبراء والحطيطة، وما جاء في الشفاعة في ذلك
Reconciliation by waiving or reducing a claim, and reports on intercession in that
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، ح قَالَ: وَأنبأ أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الدَّقَّاقُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ الْبَزَّازُ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثنا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ تَقَاضَى ابْنَ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ دَيْنًا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمَا حَتَّى سَمِعَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى كَشَفَ سِتْرَ حُجْرَتِهِ فَقَالَ: " يَا كَعْبُ، ضَعْ مِنْ دَيْنِكَ هَذَا " وَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَيِ الشَّطْرَ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَضَاهُ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُسْنَدِيِّ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُمَرَ.
Abdullah bin Ka'b bin Malik narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that he demanded repayment of his debt from Abdullah bin Abi Hadrad (may Allah be pleased with him) in the Prophet's Mosque, and their voices became raised until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) heard them from his chamber. He (peace and blessings be upon him) drew back the curtain, came out and said: "O Ka'b, reduce your debt by this much." He (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured to waive half. Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah. Then the other man paid the rest.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ تَقَاضَى ابْنَ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ دَيْنًا كَانَ لَهُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمَا حَتَّى سَمِعَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ فِي بَيْتِهِ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى كَشَفَ سِتْرَ حُجْرَتِهِ وَنَادَى كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ فَقَالَ: " يَا كَعْبُ "، قَالَ: لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ بِيَدِهِ أَنْ ضَعِ الشَّطْرَ مِنْ دَيْنِكَ. قَالَ كَعْبٌ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " قُمْ فَاقْضِهِ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ هُوَ ابْنُ صَالِحٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ.
Abdullah bin Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that his father Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), demanded repayment from Ibn Abi Hadrad (may Allah be pleased with him) inside the mosque. Their voices became raised until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) heard them from his chamber. He (peace and blessings be upon him) drew back the curtain and said: "O Ka'b!" He said: "At your service, O Messenger of Allah!" He (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured with his hand to waive half of the debt. Sayyiduna Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have waived it." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Ibn Abi Hadrad (may Allah be pleased with him): "Get up and pay him his debt."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ شَهِيدًا وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ، فَاشْتَدَّ الْغُرَمَاءُ فِي حُقُوقِهِمْ، قَالَ جَابِرٌ: فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَكَلَّمْتُهُ، فَسَأَلَهُمْ أَنْ يَقْبَلُوا ثَمَرَ حَائِطِي وَيُحَلِّلُوا أَبِي، فَأَبَوْا، فَلَمْ يُعْطِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَائِطِي وَلَمْ يَكْسِرْهُ لَهُمْ، وَلَكِنْ قَالَ: " سَأَغْدُو عَلَيْكَ "، فَغَدَا عَلَيْنَا حِينَ أَصْبَحَ فَطَافَ فِي النَّخْلِ وَدَعَا فِي ثَمَرِهَا بِالْبَرَكَةِ، قَالَ: فَجَدَدْتُهَا فَقَضَيْتُهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ وَبَقِيَتْ لَنَا مِنْ ثَمَرِهَا بَقِيَّةٌ، فَجِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعُمَرَ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ: اسْمَعْ عُمَرُ مَا يَقُولُ، قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَلَا يَكُونُ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ فَوَاللهِ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُ اللهِ.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that his father was martyred in the Battle of Uhud while he was in debt. The creditors were very harsh in demanding their debts. Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and spoke to him about it, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them (the creditors): "Let them take the dates of my garden and forgive my father the rest." They refused this, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) neither gave them the garden nor had the fruit plucked, and then said: "Tomorrow morning I will come to your garden." In the morning he (peace and blessings be upon him) came, walked about in the garden and kept praying for blessing. Then I harvested the fruit and paid the creditors their debts, and some fruit was even left over for me. Then I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him about it. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was also present there. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Umar, are you listening to what Jabir is saying?" Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: "We already knew that you are the true Messenger of Allah. By Allah, you are the Messenger of Allah."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَلِيمٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو الْمُوَجِّهِ، أنبأ عَبْدَانُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ، أنبأ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَخْبَرَهُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ، زَادَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ: وَقَالَ لِأَبِي لُبَابَةَ فِي يَتِيمٍ لَهُ خَاصَمَهُ فِي نَخْلَةٍ فَقَضَى بِهَا لِأَبِي لُبَابَةَ، فَبَكَى الْغُلَامُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَبِي لُبَابَةَ: " أَعْطِهِ نَخْلَتَكَ "، فَقَالَ: لَا، فَقَالَ: " أَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهَا وَلَكَ عِذْقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ "، فَقَالَ: لَا، فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ ابْنُ الدَّحْدَاحَةِ فَقَالَ لِأَبِي لُبَابَةَ: أَتَبِيعُ عِذْقَكَ ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيقَتِي هَذِهِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: النَّخْلَةُ الَّتِي سَأَلْتَ لِلْيَتِيمِ، إِنْ أَعْطَيْتُهُ أَلِي بِهَا عِذْقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " نَعَمْ "، ثُمَّ قُتِلَ ابْنُ الدَّحْدَاحَةِ شَهِيدًا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " رُبَّ عِذْقٍ مُذَلَّلٍ لِابْنِ الدَّحْدَاحَةِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدَانَ دُونَ قِصَّةِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ، وَكَأَنَّ قِصَّةَ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ ذَكَرَهَا الزُّهْرِيُّ مُرْسَلًا، فَقَدْ رَوَاهَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُرْسَلًا.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrated about Sayyiduna Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) had a dispute with an orphan over a date palm. The palm was judged in favour of Sayyiduna Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him), and the boy (the orphan) began to weep. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him): "Give your date palm to this orphan." Sayyiduna Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) refused. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Give it to him, and you will have clusters of dates in Paradise." Sayyiduna Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) refused again. Sayyiduna Ibn al-Dahdahah (may Allah be pleased with him) heard this whole story and then said to Sayyiduna Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him): Will you sell me that palm of yours in exchange for this garden of mine? Sayyiduna Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes. Sayyiduna Ibn al-Dahdahah (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: The palm that you wanted given to the orphan, if I give it, will there be clusters of dates in Paradise for me too? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) answered yes. Then Sayyiduna Ibn al-Dahdahah (may Allah be pleased with him) was martyred on the day of the Battle of Uhud, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "How many low-hanging clusters there are in Paradise for Ibn al-Dahdahah!"
It seems that al-Zuhri narrated the story of Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) as mursal (without naming the Companion).
It seems that al-Zuhri narrated the story of Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) as mursal (without naming the Companion).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَزْهَرِ، ثنا الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ غَسَّانَ الْغَلَابِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى رَجُلٍ أَلْفٌ وَخَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ حَتَّى حَطَّ الْخَمْسَمِائَةِ، فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ وَأَبْرَأَهُ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَهُ بِالْخَمْسِمِائَةِ فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ، فَقَالَ لِلشُّهُودِ: " هَلْ وَضَعَ الْخَمْسَمِائَةِ فِي كَفِّهِ؟ " فَقَالُوا: لَا، فَأَمَرَ فَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَنَحْنُ أَيْضًا لَا نُجِيزُ الْحَطَّ إِذَا كَانَ بِشَرْطٍ.
It is narrated from Abu Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man was owed one thousand five hundred dirhams by another man. They refused to pay him until he waived the five hundred. Then he wrote the document for him and released the man (from the rest). Then he demanded the five hundred dirhams from him again, so the two of them took their case to Judge Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him). The judge said to the witnesses: "Did he place the five hundred in his palm?" They said: No. So the judge gave the order, and it was returned to him. The Shaykh said: We too do not permit a reduction when it is made under a condition.
