السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب التفليس
Book of Bankruptcy
باب: ما جاء في التقاضي
Reports on demanding repayment
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْمُنَادِي، ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى، عَنْ ⦗٨٦⦘ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ خَبَّابٍ قَالَ: " كُنْتُ قَيْنًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ لِي عَلَى الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ دَرَاهِمُ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ أَتَقَاضَاهُ، فَقَالَ: لَا أَقْضِيكَ حَتَّى تَكْفُرَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ، فَقُلْتُ: وَاللهِ لَا أَكْفُرُ حَتَّى يُمِيتَكَ اللهُ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثَكَ، قَالَ: فَذَرْنِي حَتَّى أَمُوتَ ثُمَّ أُبْعَثَ فَأُوتَى مَالًا وَوَلَدًا فَأَقْضِيكَ، فَنَزَلَ أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ بِآيَاتِنَا وَقَالَ لَأُوتَيَنَّ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ جُرَيْجٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ.
Sayyiduna Khabbab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: In the Days of Ignorance I was a blacksmith. Al-As bin Wa'il owed me some dirhams. I came to him and demanded payment, and he said: I will not pay you until you disbelieve in Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). I said: By Allah! I will not disbelieve in Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) until you die and are raised again. He said: All right, then leave me alone; when I die and am raised again, and then I am given wealth and children, I will pay you at that time. Then Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Have you seen the one who disbelieved in Our signs and said: 'I will surely be given wealth and children'?" [Surah Maryam: 77].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ فَارِسٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ بِمِنًى يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا تَقَاضَى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَيْنًا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَغْلَظَ لَهُ، فَهَمَّ بِهِ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " دَعُوهُ؛ فَإِنَّ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالًا "، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اقْضُوهُ "، فَقَالُوا: لَا نَجِدُ إِلَّا سِنًّا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ سِنِّهِ، قَالَ: " اشْتَرُوهُ وَأَعْطُوهُ؛ فَإِنَّ خَيْرَكُمْ أَحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءً " أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: A man was owed a debt by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), so he demanded it and spoke harshly. The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) intended to punish him, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Leave him alone; indeed, the one who has a right to take is entitled to speak." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Pay him." The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) said: We have only a camel better than his camel. (He (peace and blessings be upon him) said:) "Buy it and give it to him; the best of you is the one who is best in repaying debts."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي السَّرِيِّ، ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ: إِنَّ اللهَ لَمَّا أَرَادَ هَدْيَ زَيْدِ بْنِ سَعْنَةَ قَالَ زَيْدٌ: مَا مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ النُّبُوَّةِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُهَا فِي وَجْهِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ، إِلَّا اثْنَتَانِ لَمْ أُخْبَرْهُمَا مِنْهُ: يَسْبِقُ حِلْمُهُ جَهْلَهُ، وَلَا تَزِيدُهُ شِدَّةُ الْجَهْلِ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا حِلْمًا. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي مُبَايَعَتِهِ، قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ قَبْلَ مَحِلِّ الْأَجَلِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي جَنَازَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَمَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَعُثْمَانُ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ وَدَنَا مِنْ جِدَارٍ لِيَجْلِسَ إِلَيْهِ، أَتَيْتُهُ فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِوَجْهٍ غَلِيظٍ، ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ بِمَجَامِعِ قَمِيصِهِ وَرِدَائِهِ فَقُلْتُ: اقْضِنِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ حَقِّي، فَوَاللهِ مَا عَلِمْتُكُمْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ لَمُطَّالٌ، لَقَدْ كَانَ لِي بِمُخَالَطَتِكُمْ عِلْمٌ، فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ وَعَيْنَاهُ تَدُورَانِ فِي وَجْهِهِ كَالْفَلَكِ الْمُسْتَدِيرِ، ثُمَّ رَمَانِي بِبَصَرِهِ فَقَالَ: يَا يَهُودِيُّ، أَتَفْعَلُ هَذَا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْحَقِّ لَوْلَا مَا أُحَاذِرُ قُوَّتَهُ لَضَرَبْتُ بِسَيْفِي رَأْسَكَ، قَالَ: وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي سُكُونٍ وَتُؤَدَةٍ وَتَبَسُّمٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا عُمَرُ: " أَنَا وَهُوَ كُنَّا إِلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا مِنْكَ أَحْوَجُ أَنْ تَأْمُرَنِي بِحُسْنِ الْأَدَاءِ، وَتَأْمُرَهُ بِحُسْنِ التِّبَاعَةِ، اذْهَبْ بِهِ يَا عُمَرُ فَاقْضِهِ حَقَّهُ وَزِدْهُ عِشْرِينَ صَاعًا مَنْ تَمْرٍ مَكَانَ مَا رَوَّعْتَهُ " وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي إِسْلَامِهِ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Salam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When Allah Almighty willed to guide Zayd bin Sa'nah, Zayd said: When I looked at Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), I recognised all the signs of prophethood, except two signs: one, that his forbearance would prevail over his ignorance (i.e. anger), and the more ignorance is shown to him, the more his forbearance would increase. Then he mentioned a sale he had made with him (peace and blessings be upon him). Zayd said: Two or three days before the appointed time, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out of his house for the funeral of an Ansari Companion, and with him (peace and blessings be upon him) were Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them) and other Companions. When he had prayed the funeral prayer and sat down by a wall, I came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and looked at him (peace and blessings be upon him) angrily. Then I seized the edges of his (peace and blessings be upon him) shirt and cloak and said: O Muhammad! Give me my right. By Allah! All of you of the family of Abd al-Muttalib procrastinate in paying debts; I already knew that you would do this. He said: I looked at Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and his eyes were rolling in his face. Then he looked at me angrily and said: O Jew! Are you doing this to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)? By the One who sent Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) with the truth! Were it not that I fear something, I would strike your head with my sword. He said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was looking at Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) with great calm, composure and a smile. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Umar! He and I were in need of different treatment from you: that you tell me to repay well and tell him to demand well. Now take him and pay off his debt, and give him twenty sa' of dates extra, because you frightened him." Then he mentioned his accepting Islam.
