السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب البيوع
Book of Sales
باب: في تفسير بيع الخيار
Explanation of the sale with an option
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وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، ثنا الْحَاكَمُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُعَدَّلُ، بِحَلَبَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيَّ، ثنا حُسَيْنٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَرُوذِيَّ، ثنا شَيْبَانُ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا تَبَايَعَ الرَّجُلَانِ، فَهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، أَوْ يَكُونُ بَيْعُهُمَا عَنْ خِيَارٍ " وَكَانَ عُمَرُ أَوِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُنَادِي: الْبَيْعُ صَفْقَةٌ، أَوْ خِيَارٌ، وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بن طَرِيفٍ تَارَةً، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ وتَارَةً، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: الْبَيْعُ صَفْقَةٌ أَوْ خِيَارٌ وَكِلَاهُمَا مَعَ الْأَوَّلِ ضَعِيفٌ؛ لِانْقِطَاعِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ صَحَّ فَالْمُرَادُ بِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ بَيْعُ شَرْطٍ فِيهِ قَطْعُ الْخِيَارِ فَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُمَا بَعْدَ الصَّفْقَةِ خِيَارٌ، وَبَيْعٌ لَمْ يُشْتَرَطْ فِيهِ قَطْعُ الْخِيَارِ فَهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَى تَضْعِيفِ الْأَثَرِ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَأنَّ الْبَيْعَ لَا يَجُوزُ فِيهِ شَرْطُ قَطْعِ الْخِيَارِ، وَأنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِبَيْعِ الْخِيَارِ إِمَّا التَّخْيِيرُ بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ، أَوْ بَيْعُ شَرْطٍ فِيهِ خِيَارُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَلَا يَنْقَطِعُ خِيَارُهُمَا بِالتَّفَرُّقِ؛ لِمَكَانِ الشَّرْطِ، ⦗٤٤٨⦘ وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ التَّخْيِيرَ بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ إِلَّا أَنَّ نَافِعًا رُبَّمَا عَبَّرَ عَنْهُ بِبَيْعِ الْخِيَارِ، وَرُبَّمَا فَسَّرَهُ وَالَّذِي يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When two men transact a sale, they have the option as long as they have not separated, or their sale is itself (concluded) with an option." Sayyiduna Umar or Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) used to proclaim: The sale is either a binding deal (safqah) or (a sale with) an option.
It was also narrated through Mutarrif bin Tarif, once from al-Sha'bi from Umar, and once from Ata bin Abi Rabah from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): "The sale is either a binding deal or an option." Both of these, along with the first, are weak because they are munqati' (broken chains). If it is authentic, then what is meant by it — and Allah knows best — is a sale in which it is stipulated that the option is cut off, so they have no option after the deal; whereas in a sale in which cutting off the option is not stipulated, they both have the option as long as they have not separated. Many scholars held the report from Umar to be weak, held that stipulating the cutting off of the option is not permissible in a sale, and held that what is meant by "a sale with an option" is either giving the choice after the sale, or a sale with a stipulated three-day option, so that their option does not end by separating because of the stipulation. The correct view — and Allah knows best — is that he meant giving the choice after the sale, except that Nafi' sometimes expressed it as "a sale with an option" and sometimes explained it; and what makes this clear is the following report.
It was also narrated through Mutarrif bin Tarif, once from al-Sha'bi from Umar, and once from Ata bin Abi Rabah from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): "The sale is either a binding deal or an option." Both of these, along with the first, are weak because they are munqati' (broken chains). If it is authentic, then what is meant by it — and Allah knows best — is a sale in which it is stipulated that the option is cut off, so they have no option after the deal; whereas in a sale in which cutting off the option is not stipulated, they both have the option as long as they have not separated. Many scholars held the report from Umar to be weak, held that stipulating the cutting off of the option is not permissible in a sale, and held that what is meant by "a sale with an option" is either giving the choice after the sale, or a sale with a stipulated three-day option, so that their option does not end by separating because of the stipulation. The correct view — and Allah knows best — is that he meant giving the choice after the sale, except that Nafi' sometimes expressed it as "a sale with an option" and sometimes explained it; and what makes this clear is the following report.
مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، قَالَا: ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَتَفَرَّقَا أَوْ يَكُونَ بَيْعَ خِيَارٍ " قَالَ: وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ: أَوْ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا لِلْآخَرِ: اخْتَرْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The two parties to a sale have the option as long as they have not separated, or (unless) it is a sale with an option." And sometimes Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Or one of them says to the other: You have the option. [Sahih: Muslim 1531]
