السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
باب: ما كان عليه حال الصيام من تحريم الأكل والشرب والجماع بعدما ينام أو يصلي صلاة العشاء الآخرة حتى أحل ذلك إلى طلوع الفجر، وصار الأمر الأول منسوخا
The earlier state of fasting, with eating, drinking and intercourse forbidden after sleeping or praying the Isha prayer, until they were permitted until dawn, and the first ruling was abrogated
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ بْنِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ دَنُوقَا، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الشَّطَوِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَابِقٍ، ثنا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ، قَالَ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا كَانَ صَائِمًا فَحَضَرَ الْإِفْطَارُ فَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ لَيْلَتَهُ وَلَا يَوْمَهُ حَتَّى يُمْسِيَ، وَأَنَّ قَيْسَ بْنَ صِرْمَةَ كَانَ صَائِمًا، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ الْإِفْطَارُ أَتَى امْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ: هَلْ عِنْدَكِ طَعَامٌ؟ قَالَتْ: لَا وَلَكِنِ أَنْطَلِقُ فَأَطْلُبُ، وَكَانَ يَوْمَهُ يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِأَرْضِهِ فَغَلَبَتْهُ عَيْنَاهُ فَجَاءَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ قَالَتْ: خَيْبَةٌ لَكَ، فَأَصْبَحَ فَلَمْ يَنْتَصِفِ النَّهَارُ حَتَّى غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ} [البقرة: ١٨٧] فَفَرِحُوا بِهَا فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا {وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ} [البقرة: ١٨٧] لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ حَمْشَاذٍ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ.
Sayyiduna al-Bara' (may Allah be pleased with him) says: When a man among the Companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was fasting and food was brought to him (at the time of breaking the fast), and he had fallen asleep before eating, he could not eat that night or the following day until the next evening. Likewise Sayyiduna Qays bin Sirmah (may Allah be pleased with him) was fasting; at the time of breaking the fast he came to his wife and said: Do you have any food? She said: No, but I will go and look for some. He had been working on his land all day, so sleep overcame him. When his wife came and saw him, she said: What a loss for you! Then he reached the morning (in that state), and when midday came he fainted. She mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and then this verse was revealed: "It has been made lawful for you, on the night of the fast, to go in to your wives; they are a garment for you and you are a garment for them" [Surah al-Baqarah: 187]. The people rejoiced greatly at it, and also this: "And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread" [Surah al-Baqarah: 187].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتِ بْنِ شَبُّوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، ⦗٣٣٨⦘ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: " {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ} [البقرة: ١٨٣] وَكَانَ النَّاسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا صَلَّوْا الْعَتَمَةَ حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ وَالنِّسَاءُ، وَصَامُوا إِلَى الْقَابِلَةِ فَاخْتَانَ رَجُلٌ نَفْسَهُ فَجَامَعَ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَقَدْ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ وَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ فَأَرَادَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ ذَلِكَ يُسْرًا لِمَنْ بَقِيَ وَرُخْصَةً وَمَنْفَعَةً، فَقَالَ {عَلِمَ اللهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ} [البقرة: ١٨٧] الْآيَةَ، وَكَانَ هَذَا مِمَّا نَفَعَ اللهُ بِهِ النَّاسَ أَرْخَصَ لَهُمْ وَيَسَّرَ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that when the verse "O you who believe, fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you" [Surah al-Baqarah: 183] was revealed, the people in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would fast; when they had prayed Isha, food, drink and women (marital relations) became forbidden for them until the next fast, and the next fast would begin. Then a man betrayed himself and had intercourse with his wife after he had prayed Isha and had not broken his fast. So Allah Almighty willed to make it easy for the rest and to make it a concession and a benefit for them, and He said: "Allah knows that you used to betray yourselves, so He turned to you in mercy and pardoned you" [Surah al-Baqarah: 187]. So Allah Almighty made this a benefit for the people, and made it easy for them by granting them a concession.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، أنبأ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَمَرَهُمْ بِصِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، ثُمَّ أُنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا لَمْ يَتَعَوَّدُوا الصِّيَامَ، وَكَانَ الصِّيَامُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَدِيدًا، فَكَانَ مَنْ لَمْ يَصُمْ أَطْعَمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة: ١٨٥] فَكَانَتِ الرُّخْصَةُ لِلْمَرِيضِ وَالْمُسَافِرِ وَأُمِرُوا بِالصِّيَامِ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا: وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ فَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، فَجَاءَ عُمَرُ وَأَرَادَ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي قَدْ نِمْتُ فَظَنَّ أَنَّهَا تَعْتَلُّ فَأَتَاهَا، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَرَادَ طَعَامًا، فَقَالُوا: حَتَّى نُسَخِّنَ لَكَ شَيْئًا فَنَامَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِيهَا {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ} [البقرة: ١٨٧].
Amr bin Murrah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I heard Ibn Abi Layla narrating this hadith, that the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) told us that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, he (peace and blessings be upon him) told them to fast three days. Then the command of Ramadan was revealed, and the people were not used to fasting, so fasting became difficult for them. So whoever did not fast would feed sixty poor people. Then this verse was revealed: "So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it" [Surah al-Baqarah: 185]. Then the concession remained only for the sick and the traveller, and the rest were commanded to fast.
It was also narrated that sometimes a man would break his fast, fall asleep before eating, and would not eat until the next morning. Likewise Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came and desired his wife, and she said: "I have already slept." He thought she was making an excuse, so he had relations with her. And a man from the Ansar came and wanted food, and they said: (Wait) until we warm something up for you; and he fell asleep. When morning came, this verse was revealed to him (peace and blessings be upon him): "It has been made lawful for you, on the night of the fast, to go in to your wives" [Surah al-Baqarah: 187].
It was also narrated that sometimes a man would break his fast, fall asleep before eating, and would not eat until the next morning. Likewise Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came and desired his wife, and she said: "I have already slept." He thought she was making an excuse, so he had relations with her. And a man from the Ansar came and wanted food, and they said: (Wait) until we warm something up for you; and he fell asleep. When morning came, this verse was revealed to him (peace and blessings be upon him): "It has been made lawful for you, on the night of the fast, to go in to your wives" [Surah al-Baqarah: 187].
