السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
باب: ما قيل في بدء الصيام إلى أن نسخ بفرض صوم شهر رمضان
What was said about the beginning of fasting until it was abrogated by the obligation of fasting the month of Ramadan
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ يَعْنِي الْحَافِظَ، أنبأ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُفَيْرٍ، ثنا عَلِيٌّ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الرَّبِيعِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، ثنا أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا: " أُحِيلَ الصَّوْمُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَحْوَالٍ: قَدِمَ النَّاسُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَا عَهْدَ لَهُمْ بِالصِّيَامِ، فَكَانُوا يَصُومُونَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَكْثَرُوا ذَلِكَ وَشَقَّ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَكَانَ مَنْ أَطْعَمَ مِسْكِينًا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَرَكَ الصِّيَامَ مِمَنْ يُطِيقُهُ رَخَّصَ لَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ وَنَسَخَهُ {وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ} [البقرة: ١٨٤] " قَالَ: فَأُمِرُوا بِالصِّيَامِ، قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ فَذَكَرَ بَعْضَ مَعْنَاهُ مُخْتَصَرًا.
Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Layla (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The Companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) narrated to us that fasting was prescribed in three stages. The people came to Madinah and had no obligatory fast, so they used to fast three days every month, until the month of Ramadan was made obligatory; they found it a great deal and it was hard upon them. So whoever was able would feed a poor person every day and not fast; they had been given a concession in this, and then it was abrogated by this verse: "And that you fast is better for you, if only you knew" [Surah al-Baqarah: 184]. The narrator says: So they were commanded to fast.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، أنبأ جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ السَّدُوسِيُّ، ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " أُحِيلَ الصِّيَامُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْوَالٍ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ، قَالَ: وَأَمَّا حَوْلُ الصِّيَامِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَامَ بَعْدَمَا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَجَعَلَ يَصُومُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَصَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَصَامَ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا شَهْرَ رَبِيعٍ إِلَى شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ، فَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ} [البقرة: ١٨٣] " وَذَكَرَ بَاقِيَ الْحَدِيثِ، هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ.
Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) says that Ramadan was made obligatory in three stages; then he narrated the whole hadith. He said: As for the stage of fasting, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fasted after coming to Madinah; he (peace and blessings be upon him) began fasting three days every month and also fasted Ashura, and he fasted (in this way) for seventeen months, from (the month of) Rabi' to Rabi', up to Ramadan. Then Allah made the month of Ramadan obligatory upon him and revealed this command: "Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you" [Surah al-Baqarah: 183].
This report is mursal; Abd al-Rahman (bin Abi Layla) did not meet Mu'adh bin Jabal.
This report is mursal; Abd al-Rahman (bin Abi Layla) did not meet Mu'adh bin Jabal.
