السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: الوقت الذي تجب فيه الصدقة
The time at which zakah becomes obligatory
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قَدْ مَضَى حَدِيثُ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ، وَالْحَارِثِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " لَيْسَ فِي مَالٍ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ " وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْغَاضِرِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " ثَلَاثٌ مَنْ فَعَلَهُنَّ فَقَدْ طَعِمَ طَعْمَ الْإِيمَانِ فَذَكَرَ مِنْهُنَّ وَأَعْطَى زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ طَيِّبَةً بِهَا نَفْسُهُ رَافِدَةً عَلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ "..
The hadith of Asim bin Damrah and al-Harith, from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has already passed: "There is no zakah on any wealth until a year has passed over it."
And the hadith of Abdullah bin Mu'awiyah al-Ghadiri from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has also passed: "There are three things which, whoever does them, has tasted the taste of faith." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned those deeds (one of them being:) "and he pays the zakah of his wealth every year with a willing heart, (a zakah) that brings him benefit."
And the hadith of Abdullah bin Mu'awiyah al-Ghadiri from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has also passed: "There are three things which, whoever does them, has tasted the taste of faith." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned those deeds (one of them being:) "and he pays the zakah of his wealth every year with a willing heart, (a zakah) that brings him benefit."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الَحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ الزَّاهِدُ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّبَرِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: " لَمَّا مَاتَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَاءَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَالٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ ابْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَيْنٌ أَوْ كَانَتْ لَهُ قَبْلَهُ عِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْتِنَا، قَالَ جَابِرٌ فَقُلْتُ وَعَدَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِينِي هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا فَبَسَطَ يَدَيْهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: خُذْ فَحَثَوْتُ فَإِذَا هِيَ خَمْسُمِائَةٍ قَالَ جَابِرٌ: فَعَدَّ فِي يَدِيَّ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ ثُمَّ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ ". قَالَ وَزَادَ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرُهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِجَابِرٍ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ.
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, some wealth came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) from Ibn al-Hadrami. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Whoever was owed a debt by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), or was promised something by him, let him come to us." Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: I said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) promised me that he would give me this much and this much — and he spread out his hands three times. I think he (Abu Bakr) said: "Take." So I scooped up a handful, and it was five hundred. Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Then he counted into my hands five hundred, then five hundred. Others added in this narration that he said to Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with them both): "There is no zakah due from you on it until a year has passed over it."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، مَوْلَى الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُكَاتَبٍ لَهُ قَاطَعَهُ بِمَالٍ عَظِيمٍ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ زَكَاةٌ؟ فَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ: " إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالٍ زَكَاةً حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ "، قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: " وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا أَعْطَى النَّاسَ أُعْطِيَاتِهِمْ سَأَلَ الرَّجُلَ هَلْ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ مَالٍ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ ⦗١٨٤⦘ الزَّكَاةُ؟ فَإِنْ قَالَ: نَعَمْ أَخَذَ مِنْ عَطَائِهِ زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ قَالَ: لَا. سَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ عَطَاءَهُ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ".
Muhammad bin Uqbah, the freed slave of al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him), said: I asked al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) about a mukatab of mine who had settled with me (for his freedom) for a large sum of money: was zakah due on it? Al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) did not take zakah from any wealth until a full year had passed over it. And when Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave people their stipends, he would ask: Do you have any other wealth on which zakah has become due upon you? If he said: Yes, he would take the zakah from his stipend; and if he said: No, he would hand over the whole stipend to him and take nothing at all from it.
وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ قُدَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهَا قَالَ: كُنْتُ إِذَا جِئْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَقْبِضُ مِنْهُ عَطَائِي سَأَلَنِي " هَلْ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ مَالٍ وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ؟ " فَإِنْ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ أَخَذَ مِنْ عَطَائِي زَكَاةَ ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ، وَإِنْ قُلْتُ لَا دَفَعَ إِلَيَّ عَطَائِي لَفْظُ رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَإِنْ قُلْتُ: لَا سَلَّمَ إِلَيَّ عَطَائِي وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا.
Sayyidah Aishah bint Qudamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates from her father that he said: When I would come to Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) to receive my stipend from him, he would ask: Do you have any wealth on which zakah is obligatory? If I said: Yes, he would take the zakah from my stipend; and if I said: No, he would give me my stipend.
These are the words of Imam al-Shafi'i's (may Allah have mercy on him) narration. In a narration of Ibn Bukayr (may Allah have mercy on him), he said: If I said: No, he would give me my stipend and not take anything from it.
These are the words of Imam al-Shafi'i's (may Allah have mercy on him) narration. In a narration of Ibn Bukayr (may Allah have mercy on him), he said: If I said: No, he would give me my stipend and not take anything from it.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: " لَا تَجِبُ فِي مَالٍ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ ".
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): "Zakah is not obligatory on any wealth until a year has passed over it."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: " أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَخَذَ مِنَ الْأَعْطِيَةِ الزَّكَاةَ مُعَاوِيَةُ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَالْعَطَاءُ فَائِدَةٌ وَلَا زَكَاةَ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ.
Malik narrates from Ibn Shihab that the first person to take zakah from stipends was Amir Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him). Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is an acquired gain (fa'idah); there is no zakah on it until a year has passed.
