السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجنائز
Book of Funerals
باب: في غسل المرأة
Washing a woman
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ ح، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، وَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالُوا: ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنبأ يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أُمِّ عَطِيَّةَ، قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَنَحْنُ نُغَسِّلُ ابْنَتَهُ، فَقَالَ: " اغْسِلْنَهَا ثَلَاثًا، أَوْ خَمْسًا، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، إِنْ رَأَيْتُنَّ ذَلِكَ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ، وَاجْعَلْنَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ كَافُورًا أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنْ كَافُورٍ، فَإِذَا فَرَغْتُنَّ فَآذِنَّنِي "، قَالَتْ: فَلَمَّا فَرَغْنَا آذَنَّاهُ، فَأَلْقَى إِلَيْنَا حَقْوَهُ، فَقَالَ: " أَشْعِرْنَهَا إِيَّاهُ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ.
Sayyidah Umm Atiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to us while we were washing his daughter, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Wash her three or five times, or more than that if you see the need, and do it with water and lote leaves (sidr), and at the end put camphor or something of camphor. When you have finished, inform me." She says: When we had finished, we informed him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave us his waist-wrapper and said: "Put this on her (next to her body)."
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، ثنا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ، أَمْلَاهُ عَلَيْنَا، ثنا أَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، ثنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ شَيْبَانُ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، ⦗٧⦘ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ أُمِّ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى الله عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِذَا تُوُفِّيَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يُغَسِّلُوهَا، فَلْيُبْدَأْ بِبَطْنِهَا فَلْيُمْسَحْ بَطْنُهَا مَسْحًا رَفِيقًا إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ حُبْلَى، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ حُبْلَى فَلَا تُحَرِّكِيهَا، فَإِذَا أَرَدْتِ غَسْلَهَا فَابْدَئِي بِأَسْفَلِهَا، فَأَلْقِي عَلَى عَوْرَتِهَا ثَوْبًا سِتِّيرًا، ثُمَّ خُذِي كُرْسُفًا، فَاغْسِلِيهَا فَأَحْسِنِي غَسْلَهَا، ثُمَّ أَدْخِلِي يَدَكِ مِنْ تَحْتِ الثَّوْبِ فَامْسَحِيهَا بِكُرْسُفٍ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَأَحْسِنِي مَسْحَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُوَضِّئِيهَا، ثُمَّ وَضِّئِيهَا بِمَاءٍ فِيهِ سِدْرٌ، وَلْتُفْرِغِ الْمَاءَ امْرَأَةٌ، وَهِيَ قَائِمَةٌ لَا تَلِي شَيْئًا غَيْرَهُ، وَلْيَلِ غُسْلَهَا أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهَا، وَإِلَّا فَامْرَأَةٌ وَرِعَةٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ صَغِيرَةً أَوْ ضَعِيفَةً فَلْتُغَسِّلْهَا امْرَأَةٌ أُخْرَى مُسْلِمَةٌ وَرِعَةٌ، فَإِذَا فَرَغَتْ مِنْ غَسْلِ سُفْلَتِهَا غَسْلًا نَقِيًّا بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ، فَهَذَا بَيَانُ وُضُوئِهَا، ثُمَّ اغْسِلِيهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ، وَابْدَئِي بِرَأْسِهَا قَبْلَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَأَنْقِي كُلَّ غِسْلَةٍ مِنَ السِّدْرِ بِالْمَاءِ، وَلَا تُسَرِّحِي رَأْسَهَا، بِمُشْطٍ فَإِنْ حَدَثَ مِنْهَا حَدَثٌ بَعْدَ الْغَسَلَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ فَاجْعَلِيهَا خَمْسًا، وَإِنْ حَدَثَ بَعْدَ الْخَمْسِ، فَاجْعَلِيهَا سَبْعًا، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَكُنْ وِتْرًا بِمَاءٍ وَسِدْرٍ حَتَّى لَا يَرِيبَكِ شَيْءٌ، فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي آخِرِ غَسْلَةٍ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا فَاجْعَلِي شَيْئًا مِنْ كَافُورٍ وَشَيْئًا مِنْ سِدْرٍ، ثُمَّ اجْعَلِي ذَلِكَ فِي جَرَّةٍ جَدِيدَةٍ، ثُمَّ أَقْعِدِيهَا فَأَفْرِغِي عَلَيْهَا، وَابْدَئِي بِرَأْسِهَا حَتَّى تَبْلُغِي رِجْلَيْهَا، فَإِذَا فَرَغْتِ مِنْهَا فَأَلْقِي عَلَيْهَا ثَوْبًا نَظِيفًا، ثُمَّ أَدْخِلِي يَدَكِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الثَّوْبِ فَانْزِعِيهِ عَنْهَا، هَذَا بَيَانُ الْغُسْلِ، ثُمَّ احْشِي سُفْلَتَهَا كُرْسُفًا مَا اسْتَطَعْتِ، ثُمَّ امْسَحِي كُرْسُفَهَا مِنْ طِيبِهَا، ثُمَّ خُذِي سَبَنِيَّةً طَوِيلَةً مَغْسُولَةً فَارْبِطِيهَا عَلَى عَجُزِهَا كَمَا يُرْبَطُ النِّطَاقُ، ثُمَّ اعْقِدِيهَا بَيْنَ فَخِذَيْهَا وَضُمِّي فَخِذَيْهَا، ثُمَّ أَلْقِي طَرَفَ السَّبَنِيَّةِ مِنْ عِنْدِ عَجُزِهَا إِلَى قَرِيبٍ مِنْ رُكْبَتِهَا، فَهَذَا بَيَانُ سُفْلَتِهَا، ثُمَّ طَيِّبِيهَا وَكَفِّنِيهَا وَاضْفِرِي شَعْرَهَا ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُونٍ قُصَّةً وَقَرْنَيْنِ، وَلَا تُشَبِّهِيهَا بِالرِّجَالِ وَلْيَكُنْ كَفَنُهَا خَمْسَةَ أَثْوَابٍ، إِحْدَاهُنَّ الَّذِي تَلُفُّ فَخِذَيْهَا وَلَا تَنْقُصِي مِنْ شَعْرِهَا شَيْئًا يَعْنِي بِنَوْرَةٍ وَلَا غَيْرِهَا وَمَا سَقَطَ مِنْ شَعْرِهَا فَاغْسِلِيهِ، ثُمَّ أَعِيدِيهِ فِي شَعْرِ رَأْسِهَا أَوْ قَالَ: اغْرِزِيهِ وَطَيِّبِي شَعْرَ رَأْسِهَا، وَأَحْسِنِي تَطْيِيبَهُ إِنْ شِئْتِ، وَاجْعَلِي كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا وِتْرًا، وَلَا تَنْسَيْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ بَدَا لَكِ أَنْ تُجَمِّرِيهَا فِي نَعْشِهَا فَاجْعَلِيهِ نُبْذَةً وَاحِدَةً حَتَّى يَكُونَ⦗٨⦘ وِتْرًا، هَذَا بَيَانُ كَفَنِهَا وَرَأْسِهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَجْدُورَةً أَوْ مَخْضُوبَةً أَوْ أَشْبَاهَ ذَلِكَ فَخُذِي خِرْقَةً وَاسِعَةً فَاغْسِلِيهَا فِي الْمَاءِ "، وَفِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، " فَاغْمِسِيهَا فِي الْمَاءِ "، ثُمَّ فِي رِوَايَتِنَا، " وَاجْعَلِي تَتَبَّعِي كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا، وَلَا تُحَرِّكِيهَا، فَإِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ يَنْفَجِرَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ لَا يُسْتَطَاعُ رَدُّهُ " هَذَا لَفْظُ ابْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَحَدِيثُ الصَّغَانِيِّ انْتَهَى عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ: " وَلْيَكُنْ كَفَنُهَا خَمْسَةً " رَوَاهُ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ غَيْلَانَ، فَزَادَ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ: " وَأَحْسِنِي تَطْيِيبَهُ وَلَا تَغْسِلِيهِ بِمَاءٍ سَخِنٍ وَأَجْمِرِيهَا بَعْدَ مَا تُكَفِّنِيهَا بِسَبْعٍ إِنْ شِئْتِ "، وَكَأَنَّهُ سَقَطَ مِنْ كِتَابِ شْيخِي.
Sayyidah Umm Sulaym (may Allah be pleased with her), the mother of Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When a woman dies and they wish to wash her, let them begin with her abdomen, and let her abdomen be pressed gently if she is not pregnant; if she is pregnant, do not move her. When you wish to wash her, begin with her lower parts and place a concealing cloth over her private parts. Then take cotton and wash her, and wash her well. Then put your hand in from under the cloth and wipe her with the cotton three times, wiping her well before you perform ablution for her. Then perform ablution for her with water containing lote leaves (sidr). Let a woman pour the water while standing, doing nothing else. Let the one closest to her in kinship wash her, otherwise a pious woman. If that one is young or weak, then let another pious Muslim woman wash her. When she has finished cleaning her lower parts thoroughly with water and lote leaves, this is the explanation of her ablution. Then after that wash her three times with water and lote leaves, beginning with her head before everything else; rinse the lote leaves off with water at each washing, and do not comb her hair with a comb. If anything comes out of her after the three washings, make them five; and if anything comes out after the five, make them seven. Let all of it be an odd number, with water and lote leaves, until nothing leaves you in doubt. When it is the last washing, the third or another, put in some camphor and some lote leaves, then put that in a new jar, then sit her up and pour it over her, beginning with her head until you reach her feet. When you have finished with her, place a clean cloth over her, then put your hand in from behind the cloth and pull (the other cloth) off her. This is the explanation of the washing. Then pack her lower parts with cotton as much as you can, and rub her cotton with her perfume. Then take a long, washed sheet (sabaniyyah) and tie it around her hips as a waistband is tied, then knot it between her thighs and press her thighs together, then bring the end of the sheet from her hips down to near her knee. This is the explanation of her lower parts. Then perfume her and shroud her, and braid her hair into three plaits: a forelock and two side plaits, and do not make her resemble men. Let her shroud be five garments, one of them the one that wraps her thighs. Do not reduce any of her hair, meaning with lime or anything else. Whatever of her hair falls out, wash it and then put it back into the hair of her head" (or he said: "tuck it in"), "and perfume the hair of her head, and perfume it well if you wish. Make everything about her an odd number, and do not forget that. If you decide to fumigate her with incense on her bier, do it once so that it is an odd number. This is the explanation of her shroud and her head. If she had smallpox, or was dyed with henna, or the like, then take a wide piece of cloth and wash it in water."
In another narration: "dip it in water." Then in our narration: "Attend to every part of her, but do not move her, for I fear that something may burst out of her that cannot be held back." This is the wording of Ibn Khuzaymah; the hadith of al-Saghani ended at his words: "Let her shroud be five."
Imam Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it from Mahmud bin Ghaylan (may Allah have mercy on him) with this addition at the words "and perfume it well": "and do not wash it with hot water, and fumigate her with incense seven times after you shroud her, if you wish." It seems this fell out of my Shaykh's copy.
In another narration: "dip it in water." Then in our narration: "Attend to every part of her, but do not move her, for I fear that something may burst out of her that cannot be held back." This is the wording of Ibn Khuzaymah; the hadith of al-Saghani ended at his words: "Let her shroud be five."
Imam Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it from Mahmud bin Ghaylan (may Allah have mercy on him) with this addition at the words "and perfume it well": "and do not wash it with hot water, and fumigate her with incense seven times after you shroud her, if you wish." It seems this fell out of my Shaykh's copy.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، ثنا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي شَيْبَانُ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ مُقَطَّعًا بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَاللَّفْظُ مُخْتَلِفٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " فَإِذَا فَرَغْتِ مِنَ الْخَمْسِ، فَلْتَجْعَلِي الْكَافُورَ فِي مَسَامِعِ الْمَيِّتِ ".
Al-Walid bin Muslim says: Shayban Abu Mu'awiyah informed me, and he mentioned this same hadith in its meaning, in different words, and in it this was stated: "When you have finished the fifth washing, put camphor in the openings (ears) of the deceased."
