السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: الصلاة بإمامين أحدهما بعد الآخر
Praying behind two imams, one after the other
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: وَقَعَ بَيْنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ كَلَامٌ فَتَنَاوَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، وَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأُخْبِرَ، فَأَتَاهُمْ فَاحْتُبِسَ، فَأَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ وَاحْتُبِسَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا احْتُبِسَ أَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ فَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَؤُمُّ النَّاسَ، وَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ مُحْتَبَسِهِ ذَاكَ قَالَ: فَتَخَلَّلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَصَفَّقَ النَّاسُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ التَّصْفِيقَ الْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَنِ اثْبُتْ مَكَانَكَ "، فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَنَكَصَ الْقَهْقَرَى وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ: " مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ؟ " قَالَ: مَا كَانَ اللهُ لِيَرَى ابْنَ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَالُكُمْ حِينَ نَابَكُمْ شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ صَفَّقْتُمْ؟ إِنَّمَا هَذَا لِلنِّسَاءِ، مَنْ نَابَهُ شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيَقُلْ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ". أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ. وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي تَكْبِيرِهِ ثُمَّ خُرُوجِهِ لِلْغُسْلِ وَرُجُوعِهِ، وَإِتْمَامِ مَنْ كَبَّرَ قَبْلَ رُجُوعِهِ قَدْ مَضَتْ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ الْجُنُبِ.
Abu Hazim narrates from Sahl bin Sa'd al-Sa'idi (may Allah be pleased with him) that a dispute arose between the Aws and the Khazraj, and they used harsh words against one another. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was approached and he (peace and blessings be upon him) was informed. He (peace and blessings be upon him) went to them and was held up. Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the adhan, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) remained held up. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) remained held up, the iqamah for the prayer was given and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) stepped forward to lead. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came back from there. The narrator says: He made his way through the people until he reached the row next to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). The people clapped, and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) would not turn his attention to anything in his prayer. When he heard the sound of clapping, he turned, and there was the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured: "Stay in your place." Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) raised his head towards the sky and stepped back on his heels. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stepped forward and led them in prayer. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) completed the prayer, he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What prevented you from staying in your place?" He replied: "It was not fitting for the son of Abu Quhafah to be in front of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When something happens to you in the prayer, you clap; this is for women. When something happens to someone in the prayer, let him say: 'Subhan Allah' (Glory be to Allah)."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَذَكَرَ بَعْضَ الْحَدِيثِ، قَالَ: " وَكَانَ إِذَا مَرَّ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ قَامَ فَإِنْ رَأَى خَلَلًا قَالَ: " اسْتَوُوا " حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِمْ خَلَلًا تَقَدَّمَ فَكَبَّرَ قَالَ: وَرُبَّمَا قَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ يُوسُفَ أَوِ النَّحْلِ، أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ، قَالَ: فَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ كَبَّرَ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: " قَتَلَنِي الْكَلْبُ، أَوْ أَكَلَنِي الْكَلْبُ " حِينَ طَعَنَهُ، فَطَارَ الْعِلْجُ بِالسِّكِّينِ ذَاتِ ⦗١٦١⦘ طَرَفَيْنِ لَا يَمُرُّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ يَمِينًا وَلَا شِمَالًا إِلَّا طَعَنَهُ، حَتَّى طَعَنَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا فَمَاتَ مِنْهُمْ تِسْعَةٌ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ طَرَحَ عَلَيْهِ بُرْنُسًا، فَلَمَّا ظَنَّ الْعِلْجُ أَنَّهُ مَأْخُوذٌ نَحَرَ نَفْسَهُ، قَالَ: وَتَنَاوَلَ عُمَرُ يَدَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَقَدَّمَهُ قَالَ: فَمَنْ يَلِي عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَدْ رَأَى الَّذِي رَأَى، وَأَمَّا نَوَاحِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَدْرُونَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُمْ فَقَدُوا صَوْتَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ، سُبْحَانَ اللهِ قَالَ: فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ صَلَاةً خَفِيفَةً ". فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثُ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ الِاسْتِخْلَافِ عَلَى مَا جَوَّزَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي الْجَدِيدِ وَكَانَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ لَا يُجَوِّزُهُ. وَيَقُولُ لِمَنْ يَحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا عَلَيْهِ: رُوِّيتُمْ ذَلِكَ عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ يُخْبِرُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُكَبِّرْ، قَالَ: وَكَذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ أَصْحَابِنَا وَإِنَّمَا تَقَدَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ مُصْبِحًا بَعْدَ أَنْ طُعِنَ عُمَرُ بِسَاعَةٍ وَقَرَأَ بِسُورَتَيْنِ قَصِيرَتَيْنِ مُبَادِرًا لِلشَّمْسِ. هَذَا قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ.
Amr bin Maymun (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I saw Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). When he passed between the two rows, if he saw a gap he would say: "Straighten up," and when he saw no gap among them, he would step forward and say the takbir. Sometimes he (may Allah be pleased with him) would recite Surah Yusuf or Surah al-Nahl or the like in the first rak'ah, so that the people could gather. The narrator says: He had no sooner said 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah is the Greatest) than I heard him (may Allah be pleased with him) saying: "The dog has killed me," or he said: "The dog has eaten me," at the moment he stabbed him. Then the foreigner rushed off with a two-edged knife; he did not pass anyone on the right or the left without stabbing him, until he had stabbed thirteen men, nine of whom were martyred. When a man from the Muslims saw this, he threw his cloak over him, and when the man realised that he had been caught, he slit his own throat. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) took Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) by the hand and put him forward. He says: Those who were near Umar saw what they saw, but as for the far sides of the mosque, they did not know anything except that they had lost the voice of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and they were saying 'Subhan Allah, Subhan Allah' (Glory be to Allah, Glory be to Allah). Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) led them in a light prayer.
Note: Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) holds it permissible for someone to become the imam's deputy in this way in his new school (madhhab), whereas in the old one it was not permissible.
Note: Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) holds it permissible for someone to become the imam's deputy in this way in his new school (madhhab), whereas in the old one it was not permissible.
أَخْبَرَنَا بِحَدِيثِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْبَاقِلَّانِيُّ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ثنا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، ثنا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الْأَوْدِيِّ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حِينَ طُعِنَ، قَالَ: أَتَاهُ أَبُو لُؤْلُؤَةَ وَهُوَ لَعَلَّهُ يُسَوِّي الصُّفُوفَ فَطَعَنَهُ وَطَعَنَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، قَالَ: فَأَنَا رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَاسِطًا يَدَهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: " أَدْرِكُوا الْكَلْبَ فَقَدْ قَتَلَنِي"، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ فَأَخَذَهُ. قَالَ: فَحُمِلَ عُمَرُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَأَتَاهُ الطَّبِيبُ فَقَالَ: أِيُّ الشَّرَابِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ؟ فَقَالَ: النَّبِيذُ. قَالَ: فَدُعِيَ بِالنَّبِيذِ فَشَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ إِحْدَى طَعَنَاتِهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا هَذَا الصَّدِيدُ صَدِيدُ الدَّمِ، قَالَ: فَدُعِيَ بِلَبَنٍ فَشَرِبَ فَقَالَ: أَوْصِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا كُنْتَ مُوصِيًا بِهِ، فَوَاللهِ مَا أَرَاكَ تُمْسِي، وَأَتَاهُ كَعْبٌ فَقَالَ: أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكَ لَا تَمُوتُ إِلَّا شَهِيدًا، وَأَنْتَ تَقُولُ: مِنْ أَيْنَ وَأَنَا فِي جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: الصَّلَاةَ عِبَادَ اللهِ، قَدْ كَادَتِ الشَّمْسُ تَطْلُعُ، قَالَ: فَتَدَافَعُوا حَتَّى قَدَّمُوا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ فَقَرَأَ بِأَقْصَرِ سُورَتَيْنِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ، الْعَصْرِ، وَإِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ". كَذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مَيْمُونُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ شَبِيهًا بِرِوَايَةِ حُصَيْنٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، وَحُصَيْنٌ أَحْسَنُ سِيَاقَةً لِلْحَدِيثِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فَهُوَ يُشْبِهُهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَحْفَظَ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا الِاسْتِخْلَافَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي وَقْتٍ آخَرَ.
Amr bin Maymun (may Allah have mercy on him) says: When Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was wounded, I was present there. Abu Lu'lu'ah came while he (may Allah be pleased with him) was straightening the rows. He wounded him, and twelve other men were also wounded. I saw Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) with his hand stretched out, saying: "Catch the dog, he has killed me." Then a man came from behind and seized the killer. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was carried to his house, and the physician came and said: "Which drink do you like most?" He said: "Nabidh." Nabidh was brought and he drank from it, and it came out of one of his wounds. He said: "This is pus from the blood." Then milk was called for and he drank it, so the physician said: "O Commander of the Believers! Make your will; I do not know whether you will live until the evening or not." Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) came and said: "Did I not say that you would die a martyr's death, and you used to say that you were in the Arabian Peninsula?" The narrator says: A man said: "O servants of Allah! The prayer!" The sun was about to rise, so they drew back and put Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) forward. He recited two short surahs: 'By time' [Surah al-Asr: 1] and 'Indeed, We have granted you al-Kawthar' [Surah al-Kawthar: 1].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ⦗١٦٢⦘ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَكَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ زُرْعَةَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ اللَّجْلَاجِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ صَلَّى يَوْمًا لِلنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ أَطَالَ الْجُلُوسَ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَقْبَلَ قَائِمًا نَكَصَ خَلْفَهُ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ فَقَدَّمَهُ مَكَانَهُ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ إِلَى الْعَصْرِ صَلَّى لِلنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ، أَخَذَ بِجَنَاحِ الْمِنْبَرِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، فَإِنِّي تَوَضَّأْتُ لِلصَّلَاةِ فَمَرَرْتُ بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِي فَكَانَ مِنِّي وَمِنْهَا مَا شَاءَ اللهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ، فَلَمَّا كُنْتُ فِي صَلَاتِي وَجَدْتُ بَلَلًا، فَخَيَّرْتُ نَفْسِي بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ: إِمَّا أَنْ أَسْتَحْيِيَ مِنْكُمْ وَأَجْتَرِئَ عَلَى اللهِ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ أَسْتَحْيِيَ مِنَ اللهِ وَأَجْتَرِئَ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَكَانَ أَنْ أَسْتَحْيِيَ مِنَ اللهِ وَأَجْتَرِئَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ، فَخَرَجْتُ فَتَوَضَّأْتُ وَجَدَّدْتُ صَلَاتِي، فَمَنْ صَنَعَ كَمَا صَنَعْتُهُ فَلْيَصْنَعْ كَمَا صَنَعْتُ ". وَرُوِيَ فِي جَوَازِ الِاسْتِخْلَافِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Khalid bin al-Lajlaj (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) led the people in prayer one day. When he sat after the first two rak'ahs, he sat for a long time. When he stood up, he turned back and took hold of a man and put him forward. Then he came at the time of Asr and led the people in prayer. When he finished the prayer, he took hold of one side of the pulpit, praised Allah and extolled Him, then said: O people! I performed ablution for the prayer, then I passed by my wife and I kissed and embraced her. When I began the prayer, I found some wetness. I gave myself a choice between two things: either I feel shy of you and become bold before Allah, or I feel shy of Allah and become bold before you. Now, feeling shy of Allah and being bold before you is dearer to me. I went, performed ablution and prayed anew. Whoever does as I did, then he should do what I did.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الْمَعْرُوفِ الْفَقِيهُ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ بِهَا، ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ سُمَيْعٍ، ثنا أَبُو رَزِينٍ قَالَ: " صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَرُعِفَ، فَالْتَفَتَ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ فَقَدَّمَهُ فَصَلَّى، وَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ".
Abu Razin says: I prayed behind Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). His nose began to bleed, so he stepped back, took a man by the hand and put him forward; he led the prayer, and Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) went away.
