السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: : لا يأتم مسلم بكافر
"A Muslim should not follow a disbeliever in prayer"
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لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللهِ "، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ صَلَاةُ الْكَافِرِ إِسْلَامًا مِنْهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ.
Because of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "The people should be led in prayer by the one who is the best reciter of the Book of Allah (the Holy Qur'an)."
And a disbeliever's performing the prayer does not become proof of his being a Muslim unless he verbally declares Islam before the prayer.
And a disbeliever's performing the prayer does not become proof of his being a Muslim unless he verbally declares Islam before the prayer.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو غَسَّانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ الْمِسْمَعِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ وَاقِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ، وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي غَسَّانَ الْمِسْمَعِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no god except Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah, establish the prayer and pay the zakah. When they do these things, they have protected their blood and their wealth from me, and their reckoning is with Allah."
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، فَإِذَا شَهِدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، وَصَلُّوا صَلَاتَنَا، وَاسْتَقْبَلُوا قِبْلَتَنَا، وَأَكَلُوا ذَبِيحَتَنَا، حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْنَا أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَدِمَاؤُهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، لَهُ مَا لِلْمُسْلِمِ، وَعَلَيْهِ مَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ ". أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ.
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight the polytheists until they testify that there is no god except Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah. When they have testified that there is no god except Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah, prayed as we pray, faced our qiblah and eaten our slaughtered animals, then their wealth and their blood are forbidden to us, except by its right. For him are the same rulings as for a Muslim, and upon him is the same as is upon any Muslim."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِيرَوَيْهِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ثنا حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، ثنا بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: تَخَلَّفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَخَلَّفْتُ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ قَالَ: " مَعَكَ مَاءٌ؟ " فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِمَطْهَرَةٍ فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ وَكَفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يَحْسِرُ عَنْ ذِرَاعَيْهِ فَضَاقَ كُمُ الْجُبَّةِ، فَأَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ مِنَ الْجُبَّةِ وَأَلْقَى الْجُبَّةَ عَلَى مَنْكِبَيْهِ، وَغَسَلَ ذِرَاعَيْهِ وَمَسَحَ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ وَعَلَى الْعِمَامَةِ، وَعَلَى خُفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ وَرَكِبْتُ، فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْقَوْمِ وَقَدْ قَامُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَقَدْ رَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ بِالنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَهَبَ يَتَأَخَّرُ، فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ قَامَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقُمْتُ مَعَهُ فَرَكَعْنَا الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي سُبِقْنَا ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ، هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسَدَّدٌ، وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ بَكْرٍ، عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ.
Urwah bin al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah narrates from his father, Sayyiduna al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed behind, and I stayed behind with him. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) had relieved himself, he said: "Do you have water?" I brought a water vessel, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) washed his face and his hands. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) began to pull his jubbah back from his forearms, but the sleeve of the jubbah was tight, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) took his hand out of the jubbah, put the jubbah over his shoulders, washed his forearms, and then wiped over his forelock, his turban and his leather socks. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) mounted, and I mounted too, and we reached the people who were praying. Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) was leading them in prayer, and one rak'ah had already been completed. When he sensed the arrival of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he began to step back, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) signalled to him, so he himself led the prayer. When he gave the salam, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up, and I stood up too, and we prayed the rak'ah that we had missed.
