السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: إمامة الموالي
The leading of prayer by freed slaves
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وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَكَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، أَنَّ نَافِعًا، أَخْبَرَهُمْ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ أَخْبَرَهُ، قَالَ: " كَانَ سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ يَؤُمُّ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَأَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي مَسْجِدِ قُبَاءَ، فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ، وَعَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: كَذَا قَالَ فِي هَذَا وَفِيمَا قَبْلَهُ: وَفِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ، وَلَعَلَّهُ فِي وَقْتٍ آخَرَ فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَدِمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ إِمَامَتُهُ إِيَّاهُمْ قَبْلَ قُدُومِهِ وَبَعْدَهُ، وَقَوْلُ الرَّاوِي: وَفِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، أَرَادَ بَعْدَ قُدُومِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Salim (may Allah be pleased with him), the freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him), used to lead the first Muhajirun and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) from the Ansar in prayer in the Mosque of Quba. Among them were Abu Bakr, Umar, Abu Salamah, Zayd bin Harithah and Amir bin Rabi'ah (may Allah be pleased with them).
The Shaykh says: Perhaps Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) were present at another time, because Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); or his leading them in prayer continued before and after the Hijrah, and the narrator meant the time after the Hijrah.
The Shaykh says: Perhaps Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) were present at another time, because Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); or his leading them in prayer continued before and after the Hijrah, and the narrator meant the time after the Hijrah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، أنبأ أَبُو سَهْلٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَامِرُ بْنُ وَاثِلَةَ اللَّيْثِيُّ، أَنَّ نَافِعَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْحَارِثِ الْخُزَاعِيَّ لَقِيَ ⦗١٢٧⦘ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِعُسْفَانَ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " مَنِ اسْتَخْلَفْتَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَادِي؟ فَقَالَ: اسْتَخْلَفْتُ عَلَيْهِمُ ابْنَ أَبْزَى فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: مَنِ ابْنُ أَبْزَى؟ فَقَالَ نَافِعٌ: مَوْلًى مِنْ مَوَالِينَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاسْتَخْلَفْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَوْلًى؟ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّهُ قَارِئٌ لِكِتَابِ اللهِ، عَالِمٌ بِالْفَرَائِضِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ قَالَ: " إِنَّ اللهَ يَرْفَعُ بِهَذَا الْكِتَابِ أَقْوَامًا وَيَضَعُ بِهِ آخَرِينَ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ.
Nafi' bin Abd al-Harith al-Khuza'i (may Allah be pleased with him) met Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) at a place called Usfan. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had appointed him governor over the people of Makkah. He greeted Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) with salam, and Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Whom have you appointed as your deputy over this valley?" He said: "I have come after appointing Ibn Abza as deputy." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Who is Ibn Abza?" He said: "He is one of our freed slaves." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "You appointed a freed slave as deputy!" He said: "O Commander of the Believers! He is a reciter of the Qur'an and knowledgeable in the shares of inheritance (fara'id)." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah Almighty raises many people through this Book and brings many others low through it."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِذَا كَانُوا ثَلَاثَةً فِي سَفَرٍ فَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ أَحَدُهُمْ، وَأَحَقُّهُمْ بِالْإِمَامَةِ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ.
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you are three on a journey, let one of you lead the prayer, and the one most entitled to lead is the one who has read the most Qur'an."
