السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: عورة الأمة
The awrah of a slave woman
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، ثنا الْوَلِيدُ، ثنا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِذَا زَوَّجَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَبْدَهُ أَمَتَهُ أَوْ أَجِيرَهُ فَلَا يَنْظُرَنَّ إِلَى عَوْرَتِهَا " كَذَا قَالَ أَبِي: عَوْرَتِهَا.
Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When one of you marries his slave-girl to his slave or to his hired worker, then let him never look at her awrah."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِذَا زَوَّجَ أَحَدُكُمْ خَادِمَهُ عَبْدَهُ أَوْ أَجِيرَهُ فَلَا يَنْظُرَنَّ إِلَى مَا دُونَ السُّرَّةِ وَفَوْقَ الرُّكْبَةِ " قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: صَوَابُهُ سِوَارُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ إِذَا قُرِنَتْ بِرِوَايَةِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ دَلَّنَا عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالْحَدِيثِ نَهْيُ السَّيِّدِ عَنِ النَّظَرِ إِلَى عَوْرَتِهَا إِذَا زَوَّجَهَا وَأَنَّ عَوْرَةَ الْأَمَةِ مَا بَيْنَ السُّرَّةِ وَالرُّكْبَةِ، وَسَائِرُ طُرُقِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ يَدُلُّ وَبَعْضُهَا يَنُصُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِهِ نُهِيُ الْأَمَةِ عَنِ النَّظَرِ إِلَى عَوْرَةِ السَّيِّدِ بَعْدَ مَا زُوِّجَتْ أَوْ نُهِيُ الْخَادِمِ مِنَ الْعَبْدِ أو الْأَجِيرِ عَنِ النَّظَرِ إِلَى عَوْرَةِ السَّيِّدِ بَعْدَ مَا بَلَغَا النِّكَاحَ، فَيَكُونُ الْخَبَرُ وَارِدًا فِي بَيَانِ مِقْدَارِ الْعَوْرَةِ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ لَا فِي بَيَانِ مِقْدَارِهَا مِنَ الْأَمَةِ وَسَنَأْتِي عَلَى ذِكْرِهَا فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى.
Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When one of you marries his slave-girl to his slave or servant, then let him never look at her awrah, from below the navel to above the knees."
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When this narration is compared with the narration of al-Awza'i, the meaning is that when the master marries his slave-girl to someone, he should not look at her awrah; and the second point obtained is that the awrah of a slave-girl is between the navel and the knee.
All the chains of this hadith indicate, and some of them state explicitly, that what is meant is the prohibition of the slave-girl from looking at her master's awrah after she has been married, or the prohibition of the servant, whether a slave or a hired worker, from looking at the master's awrah after they have reached the age of marriage. So this hadith is about the extent of a man's awrah, not the extent of a slave-girl's awrah. If Allah wills, we will mention this in the next chapter.
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When this narration is compared with the narration of al-Awza'i, the meaning is that when the master marries his slave-girl to someone, he should not look at her awrah; and the second point obtained is that the awrah of a slave-girl is between the navel and the knee.
All the chains of this hadith indicate, and some of them state explicitly, that what is meant is the prohibition of the slave-girl from looking at her master's awrah after she has been married, or the prohibition of the servant, whether a slave or a hired worker, from looking at the master's awrah after they have reached the age of marriage. So this hadith is about the extent of a man's awrah, not the extent of a slave-girl's awrah. If Allah wills, we will mention this in the next chapter.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ حَدَّثَتْهُ قَالَت: خَرَجَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مُخْتَمِرَةٌ مُتَجَلْبِبَةٌ، فَقَالَ عَمْرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: مَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ؟ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: هَذِهِ جَارِيَةٌ لِفُلَانٍ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِيهِ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ: " مَنْ حَمَلَكِ عَلَى أَنْ تُخَمِّرِي هَذِهِ الْأَمَةَ وَتُجَلْبِبِيهَا، وَتُشَبِّهِيهَا بِالْمُحْصَنَاتِ حَتَّى هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَقَعَ بِهَا، لَا أَحْسَبُهَا إِلَّا مِنَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ، لَا تُشَبِّهُوا الْإِمَاءَ بِالْمُحْصَنَاتِ ".
Nafi' relates that Safiyyah bint Abi Ubayd (may Allah be pleased with her) said: A woman went out wrapped in a large cloak, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "Who is this woman?" Someone told him that she was the slave-girl of so-and-so, a man who was one of his sons. So he sent word to Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her): "Who told you to put a cloak on this slave-girl, to veil her completely and make her resemble free women? I was about to seize her and punish her, thinking she was none other than a free woman. So do not make slave-girls resemble free women."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْحِرَفِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ الْكُوفِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ ⦗٣٢١⦘ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: " كُنَّ إِمَاءُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَخْدِمْنَنَا كَاشِفَاتٍ عَنْ شُعُورِهِنَّ تَضْرِبُ ثُدِيُّهُنَّ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " وَالْآثَارُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي ذَلِكَ صَحِيحَةٌ، وَإِنَّهَا تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ رَأْسَهَا وَرَقَبَتَهَا وَمَا يَظْهَرُ مِنْهَا فِي حَالِ الْمِحْنَةِ لَيْسَ بِعَوْرَةٍ، فَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ فَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي مَتْنِهِ فَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَوْرَةِ الْأَمَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَصْلُحُ الِاسْتِدْلَالُ بِهِ وَبِسَائِرِ مَا يَأْتِي عَلَيْهِ مَعَهُ فِي عَوْرَةِ الرَّجُلِ، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثٍ رَوَاهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ.
(a) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the slave-girls of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to serve us with their hair uncovered and their breasts moving.
(b) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The reports transmitted from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) on this issue are sahih (authentic), and they indicate that a slave-girl's head, neck and whatever of her shows while she is at work are not awrah.
(c) As for the narration of Amr bin Shu'ayb, its text is disputed, so it is not proper to rely on it regarding the awrah of a slave-girl, although it is valid to use it, together with the other reports that come with it, as evidence regarding the awrah of a man. 'Wa billahi al-tawfiq' (And success is only through Allah).
(b) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The reports transmitted from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) on this issue are sahih (authentic), and they indicate that a slave-girl's head, neck and whatever of her shows while she is at work are not awrah.
(c) As for the narration of Amr bin Shu'ayb, its text is disputed, so it is not proper to rely on it regarding the awrah of a slave-girl, although it is valid to use it, together with the other reports that come with it, as evidence regarding the awrah of a man. 'Wa billahi al-tawfiq' (And success is only through Allah).
عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ أَرَادَ شِرَاءَ جَارِيَةٍ أَوِ اشْتَرَاهَا فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى جَسَدِهَا كُلِّهِ إِلَّا عَوْرَتَهَا، وَعَوْرَتُهَا مَا بَيْنَ مَعْقِدِ إِزَارِهَا إِلَى رُكْبَتِهَا " أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ بِصُورَ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمَدِينِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ التَّمِيمِيِّ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُوحٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: فَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ لَا تَقُومُ بِمِثْلِهِ حُجَّةٌ وَعِيسَى بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ ضَعِيفٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَهُوَ أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٌ.
(a) Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) relates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever wants to buy a slave-girl, or has bought her, should look at her whole body except her awrah; and the awrah of a slave-girl is from where her waist-wrapper is tied down to her knees."
(b) A similar narration is also reported through another chain.
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A chain like this cannot be taken as proof; Isa bin Maymun is da'if (weak).
It has also been narrated via Hafs bin Umar, from Salih bin Hassan, from Muhammad bin Ka'b, and that too is da'if (weak).
(b) A similar narration is also reported through another chain.
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A chain like this cannot be taken as proof; Isa bin Maymun is da'if (weak).
It has also been narrated via Hafs bin Umar, from Salih bin Hassan, from Muhammad bin Ka'b, and that too is da'if (weak).
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، أنبأ عُمَرُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، ثنا عَبَّاسٌ الْخَلَّالُ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ، ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثنا صَالِحُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُقَلِّبَ الرَّجُلُ الْجَارِيَةَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا وَيَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهَا مَا خَلَا عَوْرَتَهَا، وَعَوْرَتُهَا مَا بَيْنَ رُكْبَتِهَا إِلَى مَعْقِدِ إِزَارِهَا ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When a man buys a slave-girl, there is no harm in his examining her carefully; he may look at whatever he wishes except her awrah, and the awrah of a slave-girl is between her knees and her navel."
