السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: كيفية الجهر
How to recite aloud
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُتَوَارٍ بِمَكَّةَ، فَكَانَ " إِذَا صَلَّى رَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ فَإِذَا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ سَبُّوا ⦗٢٧٨⦘ الْقُرْآنَ وَمَنْ نَزَلَ بِهِ وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ {وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا} [الإسراء: ١١٠] أَسْمِعْ أَصْحَابَكَ {وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا} [الإسراء: ١١٠] أَسْمِعْهُمُ الْقُرْآنَ حَتَّى يَأْخُذُوا عَنْكَ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مِنْهَالٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that when this verse was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at that time used to worship in hiding in Makkah. When he prayed, he would recite aloud. When the polytheists heard the Qur'an, they reviled the Qur'an, and also reviled the One who revealed it and the one who brought it. So Allah Almighty said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "And do not be loud in your prayer, nor silent in it" [Surah al-Isra': 110], meaning: O Prophet, neither recite aloud in your prayer nor recite completely quietly; that is, recite with enough voice to make only your companions hear. "And seek a way between that" [Surah al-Isra': 110], that is, recite with enough voice that your companions may hear the Qur'an and memorise it.
Imam Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him) also narrated this hadith in his Sahih with his own chain. At its end it says that Allah Almighty said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "And do not be loud in your prayer" [Surah al-Isra': 110], so that the polytheists do not hear your recitation; "nor silent in it" [Surah al-Isra': 110], too quietly; rather, make your companions hear the Qur'an; "and seek a way between that" [Surah al-Isra': 110], that is, recite with enough voice that your Companions may hear it from you and memorise it.
Imam Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him) also narrated this hadith in his Sahih with his own chain. At its end it says that Allah Almighty said to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "And do not be loud in your prayer" [Surah al-Isra': 110], so that the polytheists do not hear your recitation; "nor silent in it" [Surah al-Isra': 110], too quietly; rather, make your companions hear the Qur'an; "and seek a way between that" [Surah al-Isra': 110], that is, recite with enough voice that your Companions may hear it from you and memorise it.
وَعَمْرٍو النَّاقِدِ، عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَقَالَ اللهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " {وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ} [الإسراء: ١١٠] " فَيَسْمَعَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ قِرَاءَتَكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا عَنْ أَصْحَابِكَ أَسْمِعْهُمُ الْقُرْآنَ وَلَا تَجْهَرْ ذَلِكَ الْجَهْرَ {وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا} [الإسراء: ١١٠] قَالَ: يَقُولُ: بَيْنَ الْجَهْرِ وَالْمُخَافَتَةِ " أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْبُخَارِيُّ، ثنا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ.
This hadith is also transmitted through another chain.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ " يَجْهَرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَإِنَّ قِرَاءَتَهُ كَانَتْ تُسْمَعُ عِنْدَ دَارِ أَبِي جَهْمٍ بِالْبَلَاطِ " قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ هُوَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، الْبَلَاطُ مَوْضِعٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ السُّوقِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي جَهَرَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ هَذَا الْجَهْرَ مَا كَانَ فِي وَقْتِ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ مِنْ خَوْفِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يَنَالُوا مِنْهُ.
(a) Abu Suhayl narrates from his father that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) used to recite aloud in prayer, and the sound of his recitation could be heard near the house of Abu Jahm at "al-Balat".
(b) Abu Abdullah al-Bushanji says: al-Balat is the name of a place in Madinah, near the market.
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: At the time when Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) recited aloud in this way, there was not the fear of the polytheists harming him that existed at the time the verse was revealed.
(b) Abu Abdullah al-Bushanji says: al-Balat is the name of a place in Madinah, near the market.
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says: At the time when Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) recited aloud in this way, there was not the fear of the polytheists harming him that existed at the time the verse was revealed.
