السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: استبانة الخطأ بعد الاجتهاد
A mistake becomes clear after one's own judgement
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا ابْنُ قَعْنَبٍ، وَابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا النَّاسُ بِقُبَاءَ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ آتٍ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ قُرْآنٌ، وَقَدْ أُمِرَ أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَ الْكَعْبَةَ فَاسْتَقْبِلُوهَا، وَكَانَتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَاسْتَدَارُوا إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ " أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that once the people were offering the Fajr prayer in the mosque of Quba when a man came to them and said: "Qur'an has been revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he has been commanded to face the Ka'bah in prayer, so face it." Their faces were toward al-Sham (Syria), so they turned (while still in prayer) toward the Ka'bah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، وَحُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، " أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ كَانُوا يُصَلُّونَ نَحْوَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُمَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ} مَرَّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سَلَمَةَ، فَنَادَاهُمْ وَهُمْ رُكُوعٌ فِي صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ ⦗١٨⦘ نَحْوَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ أَلَا إِنَّ الْقِبْلَةَ قَدْ حُوِّلَتْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ قَالَ: فَمَالُوا كَمَا هُمْ رُكُوعٌ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions used to pray facing Bayt al-Maqdis. When this verse was revealed: "So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram, and wherever you are, turn your faces toward it" [Surah al-Baqarah: 144],
a man from Banu Salimah passed by some people and called out to them. They were in the state of bowing in the Fajr prayer, praying toward Bayt al-Maqdis. He said: Listen! Take heed! The qiblah has been turned toward the Ka'bah. He said this twice, so they turned toward the Ka'bah while still in the state of bowing.
a man from Banu Salimah passed by some people and called out to them. They were in the state of bowing in the Fajr prayer, praying toward Bayt al-Maqdis. He said: Listen! Take heed! The qiblah has been turned toward the Ka'bah. He said this twice, so they turned toward the Ka'bah while still in the state of bowing.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، ثنا الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ قَالَا: ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أُظْلِمَتْ مَرَّةً وَنَحْنُ فِي سَفَرٍ، وَاشْتَبَهَتْ عَلَيْنَا الْقِبْلَةُ، فَصَلَّى كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنَّا حِيَالَهُ، فَلَمَّا انْجَلَتْ إِذَا بَعْضُنَا صَلَّى لِغَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ، وَبَعْضُنَا قَدْ صَلَّى لِلْقِبْلَةِ، فَذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " " مَضَتْ صَلَاتُكُمْ " " وَنَزَلَتْ {فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللهِ} [البقرة: ١١٥] " ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amir bin Rabi'ah (may Allah be pleased with them both) from his father that once darkness came over us (night fell) while we were on a journey. The qiblah became unclear to us, and each one of us prayed according to his own estimate. When the sky cleared, it turned out that some of us had prayed facing other than the qiblah. We mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Your prayer is valid." And this verse was revealed:
"Wherever you turn, there is the Face of Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115].
"Wherever you turn, there is the Face of Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115].
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْنِ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَكَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ نَبْهَانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: " صَلَّيْنَا لَيْلَةً فِي غَيْمٍ، وَخَفِيَتْ عَلَيْنَا الْقِبْلَةُ، وَعَلَّمْنَا عَلَمًا، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفْنَا نَظَرْنَا فَإِذَا نَحْنُ قَدْ صَلَّيْنَا إِلَى غَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ " فَذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " قَدْ أَحْسَنْتُمْ " وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْنَا أَنْ نُعِيدَ وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْعَرْزَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فَقَدْ مَضَى، وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ فَإِنَّهُ فِي وِجَادَاتِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْعَنْبَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) that we prayed on a cloudy night and the direction of the qiblah was not clear to us, so we placed a marker (in the direction we had prayed). When we finished the prayer, it became clear that we had prayed toward a direction other than the qiblah. So we mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You did well," and he did not tell us to repeat the prayer.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الرُّصَافِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالَ: وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي، ثنا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ الْعَرْزَمِيُّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: " بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَرِيَّةً كُنْتُ فِيهَا فَأَصَابَتْنَا ظُلْمَةٌ، فَلَمْ نَعْرِفِ الْقِبْلَةَ، فَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهَا: الْقِبْلَةُ هَاهُنَا قِبَلَ الشِّمَالِ، فَصَلُّوا وَخَطُّوا خَطًّا، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ: الْقِبْلَةُ هَاهُنَا قِبَلَ الْجَنُوبِ وَخَطُّوا خَطًّا، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْنَا، وَطَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، أَصْبَحَتْ تِلْكَ الْخُطُوطُ لِغَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ، فَقَدِمْنَا مِنْ سَفَرِنَا فَأَتَيْنَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ⦗١٩⦘ فَسَكَتَ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللهِ} [البقرة: ١١٥] " أَيْ حَيْثُ كُنْتُمْ " وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَبِيبٍ الْمَعْمَرِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْبَاغَنْدِيُّ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِسْنَادًا صَحِيحًا قَوِيًّا؛ وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيَّ وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْعَرْزَمِيَّ، وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سَالِمٍ الْكُوفِيَّ كُلُّهُمْ ضُعَفَاءُ، وَالطَّرِيقُ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْعَرْزَمِيِّ غَيْرُ وَاضِحٍ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْوِجَادَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا، وَفِي حَدِيثِهِ أَيْضًا نُزُولُ الْآيَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَصَحِيحٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ الْعَرْزَمِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّ الْآيَةَ إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِي التَّطَوُّعِ خَاصَّةً حَيْثُ تَوَجَّهَ بِكَ بَعِيرُكَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent some people out for jihad, and I was among them. Because of bad weather it became difficult for us to identify the direction of the qiblah. Some people pointed toward the north and said that the qiblah was that way; they prayed in that direction and drew a line. Others said that the qiblah was toward the south; they too prayed in that direction and drew a line. When morning came and the sun rose, those lines were facing other than the qiblah. When we returned from the journey, we came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked about this, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) remained silent. Then this verse was revealed: "To Allah belong the east and the west; wherever you turn, there is Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115], meaning: wherever you are, in whichever direction.
We do not know of an authentic, strong chain for this hadith, because Asim bin Ubaydullah bin Umar al-Umari, Muhammad bin Ubaydullah al-Arzami and Muhammad bin Salim al-Kufi are all da'if (weak), and the route to Abd al-Malik al-Arzami is not clear, because it involves wijadah (transmission from a found written record) and other issues.
What is authentic is what is reported from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them both): that this verse was revealed specifically about voluntary prayer, that in voluntary prayer it is valid whichever way your mount is facing; and its mention has already passed.
We do not know of an authentic, strong chain for this hadith, because Asim bin Ubaydullah bin Umar al-Umari, Muhammad bin Ubaydullah al-Arzami and Muhammad bin Salim al-Kufi are all da'if (weak), and the route to Abd al-Malik al-Arzami is not clear, because it involves wijadah (transmission from a found written record) and other issues.
What is authentic is what is reported from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them both): that this verse was revealed specifically about voluntary prayer, that in voluntary prayer it is valid whichever way your mount is facing; and its mention has already passed.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " يُصَلِّي وَهُوَ مُقْبِلٌ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ حَيْثُ كَانَ وَجْهُهُ قَالَ: وَفِيهِ نَزَلَتْ {فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللهِ} [البقرة: ١١٥] " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنِ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ، ثُمَّ صَارَتْ مَنْسُوخَةً، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا:.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), while coming from Makkah to Madinah, would offer (voluntary) prayer on his mount, whichever way he (peace and blessings be upon him) was facing. He (Ibn Umar) said: "It was concerning this that this verse was revealed: 'Wherever you turn, there is Allah' [Surah al-Baqarah: 115]."
(b) It is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that this verse was revealed concerning the obligatory prayer and was later abrogated; and the following report relates to this.
(b) It is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that this verse was revealed concerning the obligatory prayer and was later abrogated; and the following report relates to this.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ بِالرِّيِّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ الْأَزْرَقُ، ثنا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: " أَوَّلُ مَا نُسِخَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فِيمَا ذُكِرَ لَنَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ شَأْنُ الْقِبْلَةِ قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللهِ} [البقرة: ١١٥] " فَاسْتَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَصَلَّى نَحْوَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ وَتَرَكَ الْبَيْتَ الْعَتِيقَ " فَقَالَ {سَيَقُولُ السُّفَهَاءُ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا} [البقرة: ١٤٢] " يَعْنُونَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ فَنَسَخَهَا فَصَرَفَهُ اللهُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ " فَقَالَ {وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَحَيْثُمَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ} " ⦗٢٠⦘ وَفِي كَلَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ بَيَانُ مَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمَا وَهُوَ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ فِي مَبْسُوطِ كَلَامِهِ، فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ اسْتَقْبَلَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ مُوَلِّيًا عَنِ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ وَهُوَ يُحِبُّ لَوْ قَضَى اللهُ لَهُ بِاسْتِقْبَالِ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ إِلَى أَنْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ {قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ} [البقرة: ١٤٤] " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ {مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا} [البقرة: ١٤٢].
(a) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the first thing abrogated from the Qur'an was the verse of the qiblah, namely: "To Allah belong the east and the west; wherever you turn, there is Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115]. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) began to pray facing Bayt al-Maqdis and left the House of Allah. Then this verse was revealed: "The foolish among the people will say: What has turned them away from the qiblah they used to face?" [Surah al-Baqarah: 142], meaning Bayt al-Maqdis. Allah Almighty abrogated it and turned him (peace and blessings be upon him) toward the Ancient House, that is, the Ka'bah. In this regard this verse was revealed: "And from wherever you go out, turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram; and wherever you are, turn your faces toward it (al-Masjid al-Haram)" [Surah al-Baqarah: 150].
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) explained this narration in detail: when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) emigrated to Madinah, he began to pray facing Bayt al-Maqdis, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) wished that the qiblah would be the House of Allah. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "We see the turning of your face toward the heaven" [Surah al-Baqarah: 144].
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that it is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that this verse was revealed concerning the statement the Jews made, namely: "What has turned them away from the qiblah they used to face?" [Surah al-Baqarah: 142].
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) explained this narration in detail: when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) emigrated to Madinah, he began to pray facing Bayt al-Maqdis, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) wished that the qiblah would be the House of Allah. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "We see the turning of your face toward the heaven" [Surah al-Baqarah: 144].
(c) Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that it is reported from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that this verse was revealed concerning the statement the Jews made, namely: "What has turned them away from the qiblah they used to face?" [Surah al-Baqarah: 142].
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: " إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا نُسِخَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ الْقِبْلَةُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِهَا الْيَهُودَ، أَمَرَهُ اللهُ أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ فَفَرِحَتِ الْيَهُودُ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، بَضْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا " وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " يُحِبُّ قِبْلَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، فَكَانَ يَدْعُو اللهَ وَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ} [البقرة: ١٤٤] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ} [البقرة: ١٤٤] يَعْنِي نَحْوَهُ فَارْتَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَهُودُ، وَقَالُوا {مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا} [البقرة: ١٤٢] فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللهِ} [البقرة: ١١٥] {وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ} [البقرة: ١٤٣] قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَلِيَمِيزَ أَهْلَ الْيَقِينِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّكِّ وَالرِّيبَةِ قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللهُ} [البقرة: ١٤٣] يَعْنِي تَحْوِيلَهَا عَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّكِّ {إِلَّا عَلَى الْخَاشِعِينَ} [البقرة: ٤٥]، يَعْنِي الْمُصَدِّقِينَ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللهِ} [البقرة: ١١٥]: يَعْنِي وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ: فَثَمَّ الْوَجْهُ الَّذِي وَجَّهَكُمُ اللهُ إِلَيْهِ ".
(a) It is narrated from Ali bin Abi Talhah that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The first ruling of the Qur'an to be abrogated concerned the qiblah. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) emigrated to Madinah, the majority of its people were Jews. Allah Almighty commanded him (peace and blessings be upon him) to face Bayt al-Maqdis, and the Jews were pleased. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) kept to that qiblah for ten-odd months, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) loved the qiblah of Ibrahim (peace be upon him); he would keep supplicating to Allah Almighty and would look up toward the sky again and again. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "We see the turning of your face toward the heaven again and again; We shall surely turn you to a qiblah that will please you" [Surah al-Baqarah: 144], "so turn your faces toward it" [Surah al-Baqarah: 144]. The Jews were vexed by this and said: "What has turned them away from the qiblah they used to face?" [Surah al-Baqarah: 142]. Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "To Allah belong the east and the west; wherever you turn, there is Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115], and: "We did not appoint the qiblah which you used to face except to make clear who follows the Messenger and who turns back on his heels" [Surah al-Baqarah: 143].
(b) Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The meaning of "li-na'lama" (that We may make clear) is that He distinguishes the people of certainty from the people of doubt. Allah Almighty said: "And it is indeed hard, except for those whom Allah has guided" [Surah al-Baqarah: 143], meaning the change of the qiblah is hard on the people of doubt; "except for the humble (who fear)" [Surah al-Baqarah: 45], meaning it is not heavy for those who affirm what Allah has revealed.
(c) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty "there is the Face of Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115]: it means, and Allah knows best, that there is the direction toward which Allah Almighty has directed you.
(b) Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The meaning of "li-na'lama" (that We may make clear) is that He distinguishes the people of certainty from the people of doubt. Allah Almighty said: "And it is indeed hard, except for those whom Allah has guided" [Surah al-Baqarah: 143], meaning the change of the qiblah is hard on the people of doubt; "except for the humble (who fear)" [Surah al-Baqarah: 45], meaning it is not heavy for those who affirm what Allah has revealed.
(c) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty "there is the Face of Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115]: it means, and Allah knows best, that there is the direction toward which Allah Almighty has directed you.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَرَبِيٍّ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللهِ} [البقرة: ١١٥] قَالَ: " قِبْلَةُ اللهِ فَأَيْنَمَا كُنْتَ فِي مَشْرِقٍ أَوْ مَغْرِبٍ فَلَا تَوَجَّهَنَّ إِلَّا إِلَيْهَا ".
It is reported from Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty "Wherever you turn, there is the Face of Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115] that it means the qiblah of Allah: wherever you are, in the east or the west, face only toward it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الرَّفَّاءُ، ثنا أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: " مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَى غَيْرِ طُهْرٍ، أَوْ عَلَى غَيْرِ قِبْلَةٍ أَعَادَ الصَّلَاةَ، كَانَ فِي الْوَقْتِ أَوْ غَيْرِ الْوَقْتِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ خَطَاؤُهُ الْقِبْلَةَ تَحَرُّفًا أَوْ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا " ⦗٢١⦘ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الَّذِي يُصَلِّي لِغَيْرِ الْقِبْلَةِ: لَا يُعِيدُ.
(a) Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father that the jurists of Madinah used to say: Whoever prays without ablution, or facing other than the qiblah, must repeat the prayer, whether within the time or after the time has passed, unless his error regarding the qiblah is a slight deviation or something minor, in which case there is leeway.
(b) It is reported from Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said, concerning one who prays facing other than the qiblah, that he does not repeat the prayer.
(b) It is reported from Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said, concerning one who prays facing other than the qiblah, that he does not repeat the prayer.
