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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: استبانة الخطأ بعد الاجتهاد
Chapter: A mistake becomes clear after one's own judgement
Bayhaqi 2246 — A mistake becomes clear after one's own judgement
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: " إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا نُسِخَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ الْقِبْلَةُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِهَا الْيَهُودَ، أَمَرَهُ اللهُ أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ فَفَرِحَتِ الْيَهُودُ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، بَضْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا " وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " يُحِبُّ قِبْلَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، فَكَانَ يَدْعُو اللهَ وَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ} [البقرة: ١٤٤] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ} [البقرة: ١٤٤] يَعْنِي نَحْوَهُ فَارْتَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَهُودُ، وَقَالُوا {مَا وَلَّاهُمْ عَنْ قِبْلَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا} [البقرة: ١٤٢] فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {وَلِلَّهِ الْمَشْرِقُ وَالْمَغْرِبُ فَأَيْنَمَا تُوَلُّوا فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللهِ} [البقرة: ١١٥] {وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الْقِبْلَةَ الَّتِي كُنْتَ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ} [البقرة: ١٤٣] قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَلِيَمِيزَ أَهْلَ الْيَقِينِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّكِّ وَالرِّيبَةِ قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللهُ} [البقرة: ١٤٣] يَعْنِي تَحْوِيلَهَا عَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّكِّ {إِلَّا عَلَى الْخَاشِعِينَ} [البقرة: ٤٥]، يَعْنِي الْمُصَدِّقِينَ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَثَمَّ وَجْهُ اللهِ} [البقرة: ١١٥]: يَعْنِي وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ: فَثَمَّ الْوَجْهُ الَّذِي وَجَّهَكُمُ اللهُ إِلَيْهِ ".
(a) It is narrated from Ali bin Abi Talhah that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The first ruling of the Qur'an to be abrogated concerned the qiblah. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) emigrated to Madinah, the majority of its people were Jews. Allah Almighty commanded him (peace and blessings be upon him) to face Bayt al-Maqdis, and the Jews were pleased. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) kept to that qiblah for ten-odd months, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) loved the qiblah of Ibrahim (peace be upon him); he would keep supplicating to Allah Almighty and would look up toward the sky again and again. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "We see the turning of your face toward the heaven again and again; We shall surely turn you to a qiblah that will please you" [Surah al-Baqarah: 144], "so turn your faces toward it" [Surah al-Baqarah: 144]. The Jews were vexed by this and said: "What has turned them away from the qiblah they used to face?" [Surah al-Baqarah: 142]. Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "To Allah belong the east and the west; wherever you turn, there is Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115], and: "We did not appoint the qiblah which you used to face except to make clear who follows the Messenger and who turns back on his heels" [Surah al-Baqarah: 143].
(b) Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The meaning of "li-na'lama" (that We may make clear) is that He distinguishes the people of certainty from the people of doubt. Allah Almighty said: "And it is indeed hard, except for those whom Allah has guided" [Surah al-Baqarah: 143], meaning the change of the qiblah is hard on the people of doubt; "except for the humble (who fear)" [Surah al-Baqarah: 45], meaning it is not heavy for those who affirm what Allah has revealed.
(c) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty "there is the Face of Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115]: it means, and Allah knows best, that there is the direction toward which Allah Almighty has directed you.
(b) Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The meaning of "li-na'lama" (that We may make clear) is that He distinguishes the people of certainty from the people of doubt. Allah Almighty said: "And it is indeed hard, except for those whom Allah has guided" [Surah al-Baqarah: 143], meaning the change of the qiblah is hard on the people of doubt; "except for the humble (who fear)" [Surah al-Baqarah: 45], meaning it is not heavy for those who affirm what Allah has revealed.
(c) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the saying of Allah Almighty "there is the Face of Allah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 115]: it means, and Allah knows best, that there is the direction toward which Allah Almighty has directed you.
