السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: آخر وقت الظهر وأول وقت العصر
The end of the time of Zuhr and the start of the time of Asr
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ أنا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْحَافِظَ إِمْلَاءً، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ ثنا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ حَزْمٍ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: " نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ حِينَ صَارَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدْرِهِ مَرَّةً، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْعَتَمَةَ وَهِيَ الْعِشَاءُ حِينَ غَابَ الشَّفَقُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ حِينَ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَأَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ إِلَى قَدْرِ ظِلِّهِ، وَأَخَّرَ الْعَصْرَ إِلَى قَدْرِ ظِلِّهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ وَجَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ أَعْتَمَ بِالْعِشَاءِ، ثُمَّ أَصْبَحَ بِالصُّبْحِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ صَلَاةٌ " قَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ: وَكَانَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ فِي وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ نَحْوَ مَا كَانَ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ يُحَدِّثُ قَالَ صَالِحٌ: وَكَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ وَأَبُو الزُّبَيْرُ الْمَكِّيُّ يُحَدِّثَانِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّلَمِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Abu Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Jibril (peace be upon him) came down to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with the times of prayer and gave him (peace and blessings be upon him) the command, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed Zuhr when the sun had declined; then he prayed Asr when the shadow of everything had become equal to its measure; then he prayed Maghrib when the sun had set; then he prayed al-Atamah, which is Isha, when the redness of twilight had disappeared; then he prayed Subh when the dawn had broken. Then he came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) the next day, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) delayed Zuhr until (the shadow was) the measure of its object, and delayed Asr until (the shadow was) twice its measure; then he prayed Maghrib when the sun had set; then he prayed Isha in the darkness; then he prayed Subh when it had become light. Then he said: "Between these two is the time of prayer."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أُسَيْدُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَكَمُ بْنُ حَكِيمِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَمَّنِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ ⦗٥٣٨⦘ السَّلَامُ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَصَلَّى بِيَ الظُّهْرَ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَكَانَتْ بِقَدْرِ الشِّرَاكِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِيَ الْعَصْرَ حِينَ صَارَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَهُ " وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ فِيهِ: " ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِيَ الْغَدَ الظُّهْرَ حِينَ كَانَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَهُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِيَ الْعَصْرَ حِينَ صَارَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَيْهِ " وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَفِي آخِرِهِ: " ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ هَذَا وَقْتُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَالْوَقْتُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْوَقْتَيْنِ " وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّ أَوَّلَ وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ يَنْفَصِلُ مِنْ آخِرِ وَقْتِ الظُّهْرِ وَأَنَّ قَوْلَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَّى بِيَ الْعَصْرَ حِينَ كَانَ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَهُ يَعْنِي حِينَ تَمَّ ظِلُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِثْلَهُ جَاوَزَ ذَلِكَ بِأَقَلَّ مِمَّا يُجَاوِزُهُ قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَعْنَى مَا وَصَفْتُهُ وَأَحْسَبُهُ ذَكَرَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَكَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ.
(a) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Jibril (peace be upon him) led me in prayer twice near the House (of Allah). He led me in Zuhr when the sun had declined and (the shadow) was the size of a sandal strap; then he led me in Asr when the shadow of everything had become equal to it."
(b) He narrated the hadith, and in it he said: "Then the next day he led me in Zuhr when the shadow of everything had become equal to it; then he led me in Asr when the shadow of everything had become twice its length."
(c) He then narrated the hadith, and at its end it says: Then he turned to me and said: "O Muhammad! This is the time of the prophets before you, and the time is between these two times."
(d) The position of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) is that the beginning of the time of Asr is separate from the end of the time of Zuhr, and that the statement of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He led me in Asr when the shadow of everything was equal to it," means: when the shadow of everything had fully become equal to it and had exceeded that by the smallest amount. And it reached me from some of the students of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that there is a narration with the meaning of what I have described, and I think he reported it from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
(b) He narrated the hadith, and in it he said: "Then the next day he led me in Zuhr when the shadow of everything had become equal to it; then he led me in Asr when the shadow of everything had become twice its length."
(c) He then narrated the hadith, and at its end it says: Then he turned to me and said: "O Muhammad! This is the time of the prophets before you, and the time is between these two times."
(d) The position of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) is that the beginning of the time of Asr is separate from the end of the time of Zuhr, and that the statement of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He led me in Asr when the shadow of everything was equal to it," means: when the shadow of everything had fully become equal to it and had exceeded that by the smallest amount. And it reached me from some of the students of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that there is a narration with the meaning of what I have described, and I think he reported it from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
مَا أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ لَيْثٍ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: " وَقْتُ الظُّهْرِ إِلَى الْعَصْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ إِلَى الْعِشَاءِ وَالْعِشَاءِ إِلَى الْفَجْرِ " تَابَعَهُ حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ صَاحِبُ الْأَنْمَاطِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ هَرِمٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي وَقْتِ الظُّهْرِ فَقَالَ: وَوَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ حِينَ تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ أَيْ وَقْتَ مَا صَلَّيْتَ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكْتَ وَمَوْجُودٌ فِي السُّنَّةِ الثَّابِتَةِ يَعْنِي مَا وَصَفَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى وَهِيَ.
(a) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the time of Zuhr lasts until Asr, that of Asr until Maghrib, that of Maghrib until Isha, and that of Isha until Fajr.
(b) Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning the time of Zuhr: The time of the Zuhr prayer is from the declining of the sun until the Asr prayer; whenever within that time you pray, you have caught it.
(c) And the meaning that Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) described is also established from the Sunnah.
(b) Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning the time of Zuhr: The time of the Zuhr prayer is from the declining of the sun until the Asr prayer; whenever within that time you pray, you have caught it.
(c) And the meaning that Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) described is also established from the Sunnah.
مَا أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ ثنا شُعْبَةُ، وَهَمَّامٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَزْدِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " وَقْتُ الظُّهْرِ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَكَانَ ظِلُّ الرَّجُلِ كَطُولِهِ مَا لَمْ يَحْضُرِ الْعَصْرُ، وَوَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ مَا لَمْ تَصْفَرَّ الشَّمْسُ، وَوَقْتُ الْمَغْرِبِ مَا لَمْ يَغِبِ الشَّفَقُ " وَقَالَ شُعْبَةُ: " مَا لَمْ يَقَعْ ثَوْرُ الشَّفَقِ، وَوَقْتُ الْعِشَاءِ مَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ، وَوَقْتُ الصُّبْحِ إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ مَا لَمْ تَطْلُعِ الشَّمْسُ " قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: قَالَ شُعْبَةُ: أَحْيَانًا يَرْفَعُهُ وَأَحْيَانًا لَا ⦗٥٣٩⦘ يَرْفَعُهُ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ وَهَمَّامٍ وَفِيهِ الْبَيَانُ أَنَّ وَقْتَ الظُّهْرِ يَمْتَدُّ إِلَى وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ ذَهَبَ وَقْتُ الظُّهْرِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The time of Zuhr is when the sun has declined and a man's shadow has become equal to his length, as long as the time of Asr has not come; the time of Asr is as long as the sun has not turned yellow; and the time of Maghrib is as long as the redness of twilight has not disappeared." Shu'bah said: As long as the glow (thawr) of the twilight has not faded. "And the time of Isha is between you and the middle of the night, and the time of Subh is from when dawn breaks, as long as the sun has not risen."
Shu'bah said: Sometimes he narrated it as marfu' (from the Prophet) and sometimes he did not.
Shu'bah said: Sometimes he narrated it as marfu' (from the Prophet) and sometimes he did not.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ ثنا وَكِيعٌ ثنا بَدْرُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ثنا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ بَدْرِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى، سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ سَائِلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ مَوَاقِيتِ الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَأَقَامَ حِينَ انْشَقَّ الْفَجْرُ فَصَلَّى، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الظُّهْرَ وَالْقَائِلُ يَقُولُ: قَدْ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَوْ لَمْ تَزُلْ وَهُوَ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ وَقَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَأَقَامَ الْعِشَاءَ عِنْدَ سُقُوطِ الشَّفَقِ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ مِنَ الْغَدِ وَالْقَائِلُ يَقُولُ: قَدْ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَوْ لَمْ تَطْلُعْ وَهُوَ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ، وَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ بِالْأَمْسِ، وَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ وَالْقَائِلُ يَقُولُ، قَدِ احْمَرَّتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغِيبَ الشَّفَقُ وَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ ثُلُثَ اللَّيْلِ الْأَوَّلَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ عَنِ الْوَقْتِ؟ مَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْوَقْتَيْنِ وَقْتٌ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ بِلَالِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَقَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى كَانَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ وَقْتِ الْعَصْرِ بِالْأَمْسِ وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى صِحَّةِ تَأْوِيلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى.
(a) Abu Bakr bin Abi Musa narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked about the times of prayer, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him no answer. Then he ordered Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), who called the iqamah when the dawn broke, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) led the prayer. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him, and he called the iqamah for Zuhr while someone was saying: Has the sun declined or not? And he (peace and blessings be upon him) knew better than them. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered, and he called the iqamah for Asr while the sun was high. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered, and he called the iqamah for Maghrib when the sun had set. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered, and he called the iqamah for Isha at the time the redness of twilight disappeared. Then the next day he prayed Subh while someone was saying: Has the sun risen or not? And he (peace and blessings be upon him) knew better than them. And the next day he led Zuhr close to the time of the previous day's Asr, and led Asr while someone was saying: The sun has turned red; and he led Maghrib before the redness of twilight disappeared, and led Isha in the first third of the night. Then he said: "Where is the one who asked about the time? Between these two times is the time of prayer."
(b) In Sahih Muslim it says: Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) delayed Zuhr until he offered it close to the time of the previous day's Asr.
(c) In this there is evidence for the correctness of the interpretation of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him).
(b) In Sahih Muslim it says: Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) delayed Zuhr until he offered it close to the time of the previous day's Asr.
(c) In this there is evidence for the correctness of the interpretation of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him).
