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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
باب: من قال يصوم عنه وليه
Chapter: Those who said his heir fasts on his behalf
Bayhaqi 8231 — Those who said his heir fasts on his behalf
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا جَعْفَرٌ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ الْمَدِينِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذْ أَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي تَصَدَّقْتُ عَلَى أُمِّي بِجَارِيَةٍ، وَإِنَّهَا مَاتَتْ، قَالَ: " " وَجَبَ أَجْرُكِ، وَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْكِ الْمِيرَاثُ " "، قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ، أَفَأَصُومُ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ: " " صُوْمِي عَنْهَا " "، قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّهَا لَمْ تَحُجَّ، أَفَأَحُجُّ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ: " " حُجِّي عَنْهَا " " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَزُهَيْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ وَمَرْوَانَ الْفَزَارِيِّ وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ قَالَ: صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ، وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ: وَصَوْمُ شَهْرٍ. فَثَبَتَ بِهَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ جَوَازُ الصَّوْمِ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ، وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي الصَّوْمِ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ شَيْءٌ، فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا صِيمَ عَنْهُ كَمَا يُحَجُّ عَنْهُ، وَأَمَّا فِي ⦗٤٢٩⦘ الْجَدِيدِ فَإِنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ فَقَالَ: فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَرُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ أَحَدًا أَنْ يَصُومَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ، قِيلَ: نَعَمْ، رَوَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَلِمَ لَا تَأْخُذُ بِهِ، قِيلَ: حَدَّثَ الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَذْرًا وَلَمْ يُسَمِّهِ مَعَ حِفْظِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَطُولِ مُجَالَسَةِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِغَيْرِ مَا فِي حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ أَشْبَهُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ مَحْفُوظًا، يَعْنِي بِهِ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي.
Abdullah bin Buraydah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Buraydah, may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I was sitting with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when a woman came and said: O Messenger of Allah! I gave my mother a slave-girl in charity, but my mother has died. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Your reward is assured, and the inheritance has returned her to you." Then she said: O Messenger of Allah! She also owed a month of fasting; shall I fast on her behalf? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast." Then she said: O Messenger of Allah! She did not perform Hajj; shall I perform Hajj on her behalf? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Perform Hajj on her behalf."
Sulayman bin Buraydah narrates from his father: a month of fasting. So these hadiths establish the permissibility of fasting on behalf of the deceased. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old book: Something has been narrated about fasting on behalf of the deceased; if it is established, fasting is done on his behalf just as Hajj is performed on his behalf. As for the new book, he raised the question himself and said: If it is said: It has been narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered someone to fast on behalf of another, the reply is: Yes, Ibn Abbas narrated it from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). If it is said: Then why do you not adopt it? The reply is: Al-Zuhri narrated from Ubaydullah, from Ibn Abbas, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) "a vow" without specifying it, despite al-Zuhri's precise memory and Ubaydullah's long companionship with Ibn Abbas; so when someone else came, from a man, from Ibn Abbas, with something different from what is in Ubaydullah's hadith, it is more likely that it is not preserved.
Sulayman bin Buraydah narrates from his father: a month of fasting. So these hadiths establish the permissibility of fasting on behalf of the deceased. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old book: Something has been narrated about fasting on behalf of the deceased; if it is established, fasting is done on his behalf just as Hajj is performed on his behalf. As for the new book, he raised the question himself and said: If it is said: It has been narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered someone to fast on behalf of another, the reply is: Yes, Ibn Abbas narrated it from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). If it is said: Then why do you not adopt it? The reply is: Al-Zuhri narrated from Ubaydullah, from Ibn Abbas, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) "a vow" without specifying it, despite al-Zuhri's precise memory and Ubaydullah's long companionship with Ibn Abbas; so when someone else came, from a man, from Ibn Abbas, with something different from what is in Ubaydullah's hadith, it is more likely that it is not preserved.
