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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الزكاة
Book of Zakah
باب: كيف فرض الصدقة
Chapter: How zakah was made obligatory
Bayhaqi 7246 — How zakah was made obligatory
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ بِوَاسِطٍ، ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أنبأ سَهْلُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ وَجَّهَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَكَتَبَ لَهُ " بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللهُ بِهَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَمَنْ سُئِلَهَا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَلْيُعْطِهَا وَمَنْ سُئِلَ فَوْقَهَا فَلَا يُعْطِهِ فِي أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَمَا دُونَهَا الْغَنَمُ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسٍ شَاةٌ فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ فَفِيهَا ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ أُنْثَى، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ فِيهَا ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ فَابْنُ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتَّةً وَثَلَاثِينَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ فَفِيهَا ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتَّةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ إِلَى سِتِّينَ فَفِيهَا حِقَّةٌ طَرُوقَةُ الْجَمَلِ فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ إِحْدَى وَسِتِّينَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ ⦗١٤٤⦘ وَسَبْعِينَ فَفِيهَا جَذَعَةٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتًّا وَسَبْعِينَ إِلَى تِسْعِينَ فَفِيهَا ابْنَتَا لَبُونٍ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَفِيهَا حِقَّتَانِ طَرُوقَتَا الْجَمَلِ، فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ فَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ وَفِي كُلِّ خَمْسِينَ حِقَّةٌ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ إِلَّا أَرْبَعٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ رَبُّهَا فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَفِيهَا شَاةٌ قَالَ: وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ صَدَقَةُ الْجَذَعَةِ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ جَذَعَةٌ وَعِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ وَيَجْعَلُ مَعَهَا شَاتَيْنِ إِنِ اسْتَيْسَرَتَا أَوْ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ عِنْدَهُ صَدَقَةُ الْحِقَّةِ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ الْحِقَّةُ وَعِنْدَهُ جَذَعَةٌ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الْجَذَعَةُ وَيُعْطِيهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ الْحِقَّةَ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ وَيُعْطِي مَعَهَا شَاتَيْنِ أَوْ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ الْحِقَّةُ وَيُعْطِيهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ، وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُهُ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ وَلَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَعِنْدَهُ بِنْتُ مَخَاضٍ فَإِنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ وَيُعْطِي مَعَهَا عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أَوْ شَاتَيْنِ، وَصَدَقَةُ الْغَنَمِ فِي سَائِمَتِهَا فَإِذَا كَانَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةِ شَاةٍ فَفِيهَا شَاةٌ فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ إِلَى أَنْ تَبْلُغَ مِائَتَيْنِ فَفِيهَا شَاتَانِ فَإِذَا زَادَتْ عَلَى الْمِائَتَيْنِ إِلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ شِيَاهٍ، فَإِذَا زَادَتِ الْغَنَمُ عَلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ فَفِي كُلِّ مِائَةٍ شَاةٌ، وَلَا يُخْرَجُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ وَلَا ذَاتُ عَوَارٍ وَلَا تَيْسُ الْغَنَمِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ الْمُصَدِّقُ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ سَائِمَةُ الرَّجُلِ نَاقِصَةً مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ شَاةً وَاحِدَةً فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدَقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ رَبُّهَا، وَفِي الرِّقَةِ رُبْعُ الْعُشْرِ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَالٌ إِلَّا تِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةً فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدَقَةٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ رَبُّهَا " لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى الْأَنْصَارِيِّ مَفَرَّقًا فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ.
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said that when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) became caliph, he sent Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) to Bahrain and wrote a letter for him: 'Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). "This is the obligatory zakah which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made obligatory upon the Muslims, and which Allah commanded His Messenger with. Whoever of them is asked for it in its proper manner, let him give it, and whoever is asked for more than that, let him not give it. Its details are as follows: on twenty-four camels or fewer, the due is goats, one goat for every five camels. When they reach twenty-five, up to thirty-five, the due is a one-year-old she-camel, a bint makhad. If there is no bint makhad, then an ibn labun, a two-year-old male camel. When they reach thirty-six up to forty-five, the due is a two-year-old she-camel, a bint labun. When they reach forty-six up to sixty, the due is a three-year-old hiqqah, fit to bear the male camel. When they reach sixty-one up to seventy-five, the due is a four-year-old jadha'ah. When they reach seventy-six up to ninety, the due is two two-year-old she-camels, two bint labun. When they reach ninety-one up to one hundred and twenty, the due is two three-year-old hiqqahs. When they exceed one hundred and twenty, then on every forty a bint labun (two-year-old) she-camel, and on every fifty a hiqqah. Whoever has only four camels owes no zakah, unless their owner wishes to give something. When they become five camels, the due is one goat. Whoever's camels reach the zakah of a jadha'ah, and he does not have a jadha'ah but has a hiqqah, that will be accepted from him, along with two goats if they are available, or else twenty dirhams. Whoever's zakah reaches a hiqqah, and he has no hiqqah but has a jadha'ah, the jadha'ah will be accepted from him and the collector will give him twenty dirhams or two goats. Whoever's zakah reaches a hiqqah, and he has no hiqqah but has a bint labun, the bint labun will be taken from him, and he will give two goats or twenty dirhams along with it. Whoever's zakah reaches a bint labun, and he has no bint labun but has a hiqqah, the hiqqah will be accepted from him and the collector will give him twenty dirhams or two goats. Whoever's zakah reaches a bint labun, and he has no bint labun but has a bint makhad, the bint makhad will be taken from him, and he will give twenty dirhams or two goats along with it. As for the zakah of grazing sheep: when they are from forty up to one hundred and twenty, the due is one sheep. When they exceed one hundred and twenty up to two hundred, the due is two sheep. When they exceed two hundred up to three hundred, the due is three sheep. Then when they exceed three hundred, on every hundred one sheep. In zakah, neither an old animal, nor a defective one, nor a billy-goat is to be taken, unless the collector wishes. When a man's grazing sheep are fewer than forty by even one, there is no zakah on them, unless their owner wishes. On silver the due is a quarter of a tenth; when it is only one hundred and ninety dirhams, there is no zakah on it, unless its owner wishes."
