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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الولاء
Book of Wala
باب: : من والى رجلا أو أسلم على يديه
Chapter: One who enters into clientage with a man or accepts Islam at his hands
Bayhaqi 21452 — One who enters into clientage with a man or accepts
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، ثنا عِمْرَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا عُثْمَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ بَرِيرَةَ، فَاشْتَرَطُوا الْوَلَاءَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اشْتَرِيهَا، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْطَى الثَّمَنَ، وَوَلِيَ النِّعْمَةَ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ. وَاحْتَجَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا بِأَنَّ النَّسَبَ شَبِيهٌ بِالْوَلَاءِ، وَالْوَلَاءَ شَبِيهٌ بِالنَّسَبِ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَا أَبًا لَهُ يُعْرَفُ، سَأَلَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَنْسِبَهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَرَضِيَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ ابْنًا أَبَدًا، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ "، وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا لَمْ يُعْتِقِ ⦗٤٩٩⦘ الرَّجُلُ رَجُلًا لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْسُوبًا إِلَيْهِ بِالْوَلَاءِ، فَيُدْخِلَ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ الْمَظْلَمَةَ، فِي عْقْلِهِمْ عَنْهُ، وَيْنِسبَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَلَاءَ مَنْ لَمْ يُعْتِقْ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ، قَالَ، وَبَيَّنَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: " إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "، أَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ الْوَلَاءُ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ..
Al-Aswad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that she intended to buy Barirah, and they made the condition of wala'. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy her! Wala' is the right of the one who paid the price and bestowed the favour (of freedom)."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Lineage resembles wala', and wala' resembles lineage. If a man whose father is not known asked a man to ascribe him to himself, and that man agreed, it would never be permissible for him to become his son, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The child belongs to the (owner of the) bed." Likewise, when a man has not freed someone, it is not permissible for that person to be ascribed to him through wala'; otherwise he would bring injustice upon his 'aqilah (the kin who pay blood money) in their paying blood money on his behalf, and would ascribe to himself the wala' of someone he did not free. For the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Wala' belongs to the one who frees," and he made clear by his saying, "Wala' belongs only to the one who frees," that wala' belongs to none but the one who frees.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Lineage resembles wala', and wala' resembles lineage. If a man whose father is not known asked a man to ascribe him to himself, and that man agreed, it would never be permissible for him to become his son, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The child belongs to the (owner of the) bed." Likewise, when a man has not freed someone, it is not permissible for that person to be ascribed to him through wala'; otherwise he would bring injustice upon his 'aqilah (the kin who pay blood money) in their paying blood money on his behalf, and would ascribe to himself the wala' of someone he did not free. For the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Wala' belongs to the one who frees," and he made clear by his saying, "Wala' belongs only to the one who frees," that wala' belongs to none but the one who frees.
