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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب العتق
Book of Freeing Slaves
باب: : من قال في المعسر: يستسعى العبد في نصيب صاحبه غير مشقوق عليه.
Chapter: One who said concerning the one in hardship: The slave works to pay his partner's share without being overburdened
Bayhaqi 21386 — One who said concerning the one in hardship: The slave
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الثَّقَفِيُّ ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ثنا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: ذَكَرْتُ أَنَا وَخَلَفُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ الْحَجَّاجَ بْنَ أَرْطَاةَ وَخِلَافَهُ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ وَالْحُفَّاظِ، فَتَذَاكَرْنَا مِنْ هَذَا النَّحْوِ أَحَادِيثَ كَثِيرَةً، قَالَ: فَذَكَرْنَا لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ حَدِيثَ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: قَضَى أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ أَنَّ الَّذِي لَمْ يُعْتِقْ إِنْ شَاءَ ضَمِنَ الْمُعْتِقَ الْقِيمَةَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ اسْتَسْعَى الْعَبْدُ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْفِرْيَةِ، كَيْفَ يَكُونُ هَذَا عَلَى مَا رَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرَ، لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي آلِ عُمَرَ أَثْبَتَ مِنْهُ، وَلَا أَحْفَظَ، وَلَا أَوْثَقَ، وَلَا أَشَدَّ تَقَدُّمَةً فِي عِلْمِ الْحَدِيثِ فِي زَمَانِهِ، فَكَانَ يُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ وَاحِدُ دَهْرِهِ فِي الْحِفْظِ، ثُمَّ تَلَاهُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ دُونَهُ فِي الْحِفْظِ، بَلْ هُوَ عِنْدَنَا فِي الْحِفْظِ وَالْإِتْقَانِ مِثْلُهُ، أَوْ أَجْمَعُ مِنْهُ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْأَحْوَالِ، وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَثْبَتِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَأَصَحِّهِمْ رِوَايَةً، رَوَوْهُ جَمِيعًا، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ⦗٤٨٠⦘ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا أَوْ شِقْصًا فِي عَبْدٍ كُلِّفَ عِتْقَ مَا بَقِيَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنَّهُ يُعْتِقُ مِنَ الْعَبْدِ مَا أَعْتَقَ ". قَالَ الْفَقِيهُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَأَمْرُ السِّعَايَةِ إِنْ ثَبَتَ فِي حَدِيثِ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَفِيهِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الِاخْتِيَارِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْعَبْدِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ: غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ، وَفِي الْإِجْبَارِ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَأْبَاهُ مَشَقَّةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ بِاخْتِيَارِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ سَائِرِ الْأَخْبَارِ مُخَالَفَةٌ، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ. وَقَدْ تَأَوَّلَهُ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: مَعْنَى السِّعَايَةِ أَنْ يُسْتَسْعَى الْعَبْدُ لِسَيِّدِهِ أَنْ يُسْتَخْدَمَ لِمَالِكِهِ، وَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ: غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ، أَيْ لَا يُحَمَّلُ مِنَ الْخِدْمَةِ فَوْقَ مَا يَلْزَمُهُ بِحِصَّةِ الرِّقِّ.
Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) decided: "When a slave belongs to two men and one of them frees (his share), the one who freed is to be made liable, if he is wealthy. If he is not wealthy, the slave is to be made to work."
Abd al-Rahman bin Mahdi said: This too is among the greatest fabrications. How could it be as al-Hajjaj narrated it from Nafi', from Ibn Umar, when Ubaydullah bin Umar narrated it, and there was none in the family of Umar more reliable, better at memorising, more trustworthy or more advanced in the knowledge of hadith in his time than him, so much so that it used to be said that he was unique in his age in memorisation; then Malik bin Anas followed him in narrating it, and he was not below him in memorisation, rather in our view he was his equal in memorisation and precision, or more comprehensive than him in many respects; and Yahya bin Sa'id al-Ansari also narrated it, one of the most reliable people of Madinah and the most authentic of them in narration.
(b) They all narrated it from Nafi', from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever frees his share of a slave, it is binding upon him to free the remainder as well, if he is wealthy; if he is not wealthy, then only as much of the slave is freed as he freed."
Al-Faqih (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The matter of the slave's working, if it is established in the hadith of Bashir bin Nahik from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), contains what shows that it is by the slave's own choice, for he said: "without being overburdened", and forcing him to it while he refuses is a great burden upon him. If it is by his choice, there is no contradiction between it and the other reports; and success is from Allah. Some people interpreted it, saying: The meaning of the slave's working is that the slave is made to serve his owner, which is why he said "without being overburdened", meaning the master should not take service from him beyond what is due for his enslaved share.
Abd al-Rahman bin Mahdi said: This too is among the greatest fabrications. How could it be as al-Hajjaj narrated it from Nafi', from Ibn Umar, when Ubaydullah bin Umar narrated it, and there was none in the family of Umar more reliable, better at memorising, more trustworthy or more advanced in the knowledge of hadith in his time than him, so much so that it used to be said that he was unique in his age in memorisation; then Malik bin Anas followed him in narrating it, and he was not below him in memorisation, rather in our view he was his equal in memorisation and precision, or more comprehensive than him in many respects; and Yahya bin Sa'id al-Ansari also narrated it, one of the most reliable people of Madinah and the most authentic of them in narration.
(b) They all narrated it from Nafi', from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever frees his share of a slave, it is binding upon him to free the remainder as well, if he is wealthy; if he is not wealthy, then only as much of the slave is freed as he freed."
Al-Faqih (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The matter of the slave's working, if it is established in the hadith of Bashir bin Nahik from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), contains what shows that it is by the slave's own choice, for he said: "without being overburdened", and forcing him to it while he refuses is a great burden upon him. If it is by his choice, there is no contradiction between it and the other reports; and success is from Allah. Some people interpreted it, saying: The meaning of the slave's working is that the slave is made to serve his owner, which is why he said "without being overburdened", meaning the master should not take service from him beyond what is due for his enslaved share.
