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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: : من تحمل الشهادة وهو كافر، أو صبي أو عبد، ثم أسلم الكافر، وبلغ الصبي، وعتق العبد، فقاموا بشهادتهم
Chapter: One who witnessed something while a disbeliever, a child or a slave, then the disbeliever accepted Islam, the child came of age and the slave was freed, and they gave their testimony
Bayhaqi 20633 — One who witnessed something while a disbeliever
فِيمَا رَوَى ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ: أَنَّ الْمُطَّلِبَ بْنَ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ وَيَعْلَى بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُمَا شَهَادَةٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَرُفِعَا إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَأَجَازَهَا ".
(The evidence for this) is the narration that Ibn Lahi'ah narrated from Yazid bin Abi Habib, from Ata' bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him), that: "Al-Muttalib bin Abi Wada'ah and Ya'la bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with them) held a testimony from the time of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah); then in (the era of) Islam they were brought before Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him), and he accepted it (the testimony)."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْعَبْدَوِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خِمَيْرَوَيْهِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، أنبأ مُغِيرَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَيُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ: " أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ فِي شَهَادَةِ الْغُلَامِ إِذَا شَهِدَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ ثُمَّ قَامَ بِهَا إِذَا بَلَغَ، وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ وَالْيَهُودِيِّ إِذَا شَهِدَا فِي حَالِ شِرْكٍ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَا، وَالْعَبْدِ إِذَا شَهِدَ ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَ، ثُمَّ قَامُوا بِشَهَادَتِهِمْ: أَنَّ شَهَادَتَهُمْ جَائِزَةٌ ".
Muhammad bin Salim (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that when a child witnesses something before reaching puberty, then gives testimony after reaching puberty, it is valid; likewise a Jew or Christian who witnesses in the state of shirk and then becomes Muslim, and likewise a slave who is later freed and then gives testimony: their testimony is permissible.
