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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: : ما يجب على المرء من القيام بشهادته إذا شهد
Chapter: The duty of a person to give his testimony once he has witnessed
Bayhaqi 20590 — The duty of a person to give his testimony once
قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى} [المائدة: 8] وَقَالَ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ إِنْ يَكُنْ غَنِيًّا أَوْ فَقِيرًا فَاللهُ أَوْلَى بِهِمَا فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى} [النساء: 135] الْآيَةَ، وَقَالَ: {وَلَا تَكْتُمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ وَاللهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ} [البقرة: 283]، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " الَّذِي أَحْفَظُ عَنْ كُلِّ مَنْ سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي هَذِهِ ⦗267⦘ الْآيَةِ أَنَّهُ فِي الشَّاهِدِ قَدْ لَزِمَتْهُ الشَّهَادَةُ "..
Allah, exalted be His praise, says: "O you who believe, be steadfast for Allah, witnesses in justice, and let not the enmity of a people lead you to not act justly. Act justly; that is nearer to righteousness." [Surah al-Ma'idah: 8]
And He said: "O you who believe, be steadfast in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if (the testimony) is against yourselves or your parents and close relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allah is more caring of them both, so do not follow your desires." (to the end of the verse) [Surah al-Nisa': 135]
And He said: "And do not conceal testimony; whoever conceals it, his heart is surely sinful, and Allah knows well what you do." [Surah al-Baqarah: 283]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "What I remember from all the people of knowledge from whom I have heard concerning this verse is that it is about the witness upon whom testimony has become binding."
And He said: "O you who believe, be steadfast in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if (the testimony) is against yourselves or your parents and close relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allah is more caring of them both, so do not follow your desires." (to the end of the verse) [Surah al-Nisa': 135]
And He said: "And do not conceal testimony; whoever conceals it, his heart is surely sinful, and Allah knows well what you do." [Surah al-Baqarah: 283]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "What I remember from all the people of knowledge from whom I have heard concerning this verse is that it is about the witness upon whom testimony has become binding."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: " {كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ} [النساء: ١٣٥]، قَالَ: " أَوْ آبَائِكُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَائِكُمْ وَلَا تُحَابُوا غَنِيًّا لِغِنَاهُ، وَلَا تَرْحَمُوا مِسْكِينًا لِمَسْكَنَتِهِ، وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: {إِنْ يَكُنْ غَنِيًّا أَوْ فَقِيرًا فَاللهُ أَوْلَى بِهِمَا} [النساء: ١٣٥] وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: {فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا} [النساء: ١٣٥] فَتَذَرُوا الْحَقَّ فَتَجُورُوا ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "Testify for Allah with justice, even if it is against yourselves or against your parents and close relatives" [Surah al-Nisa': 135], says: Even if it is against your fathers or your sons; and do not favour a rich man because of his wealth, nor show mercy to a poor man because of his poverty (so that you fail to give true testimony). The saying of Allah Almighty: "If he is rich or poor, Allah is closer to them both (and more caring of them)" [Surah al-Nisa': 135]. The saying of Allah Almighty: "So do not follow your desires, lest you fail to act justly" [Surah al-Nisa': 135], meaning: do not abandon the truth and commit injustice.
