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13 Jumada I 1448 AH

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Bayhaqi 20545 — The testimony of one who has made a false accusation

قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ} [النور: 4] {إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [آل عمران: 89] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَالثُّنْيَا فِي سِيَاقِ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى أَوَّلِ الْكَلَامِ وَآخِرِهِ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُ الْفِقْهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ خَبَرٌ، ⦗256⦘ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَإِنَّ فِيهِ لَحَدِيثًا "..
The saying of Allah, exalted be His praise: "And those who accuse chaste women and then do not bring four witnesses, flog them with eighty (80) lashes and never accept their testimony, and it is they who are the defiantly disobedient." [Surah al-Nur: 4] "Except those who repent after that and reform, then indeed Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful." [Surah al-Nur: 5]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "An exception that comes in the course of speech applies to both the beginning and the end of the speech, according to the position of all the people of fiqh, unless a hadith distinguishes between them."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And indeed there is a hadith (also) on this."
فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: زَعَمَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ أَنَّ شَهَادَةَ الْمَحْدُودِ لَا تَجُوزُ، فَأَشْهَدُ لَأَخْبَرَنِي فُلَانٌ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرَةَ: " تُبْ، تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُكَ "، أَوْ: " إِنْ تُبْتَ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُكَ ". قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: سَمَّى الزُّهْرِيُّ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَهُ، فَحَفِظْتُهُ ثُمَّ نَسِيتُهُ، وَشَكَكْتُ فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا قُمْنَا سَأَلْتُ مَنْ حَضَرَ فَقَالَ لِي عُمَرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ: هُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَهَلْ شَكَكْتَ فِيمَا قَالَ لَكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، هُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ غَيْرَ شَكٍّ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَكَثِيرًا مَا سَمِعْتُهُ يُحَدِّثُهُ فَيُسَمِّي سَعِيدًا، وَكَثِيرًا مَا سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: عَنْ سَعِيدٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ "، وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِفْظِ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ لَيْسَ فِيهِ شَكٌّ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ اسْتَتَابَ الثَّلَاثَةَ فَتَابَ اثْنَانِ، فَأَجَازَ شَهَادَتَهُمَا، وَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرَةَ فَرَدَّ شَهَادَتَهُ ".
Sufyan bin Uyaynah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) say: The people of Iraq claim that the testimony of one who has been given a hadd punishment is not permissible. I inform you that Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him): Repent, and your testimony will be accepted; or: If you repent, your testimony will be accepted.
(b) The huffaz narrate it from Hadrat Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) without doubt, and in it is the addition that Hadrat Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the three to repent; two repented and their testimony was accepted, and Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) refused, so his testimony was rejected.
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الشهادات / 20545
Hadith Grading محدثین: صحيح
Hadith Takhrij «صحيح»

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