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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الشهادات
Book of Testimonies
باب: : لا يحيل حكم القاضي على المقضي له، والمقضي عليه، ولا يجعل الحلال على واحد منهما حراما، ولا الحرام على واحد منهما حلالا
Chapter: The judge's ruling does not change the reality for the one ruled for or against, nor make the lawful unlawful or the unlawful lawful for either of them
Bayhaqi 20537 — The judge's ruling does not change the reality
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ كُنَاسَةَ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بُرْقَانَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ الْبَصْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي ⦗٢٥٣⦘ الْعَوَّامِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، قَالَ: كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا: " إِنَّ الْقَضَاءَ فَرِيضَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ، وَسُنَّةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ، فَافْهَمْ إِذَا أُدْلِيَ إِلَيْكَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَنْفَعُ تَكَلُّمُ حَقٍّ لَا نَفَاذَ لَهُ، وَآسِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِي وَجْهِكَ وَمَجْلِسِكَ وَقَضَائِكَ، حَتَّى لَا يَطْمَعَ شَرِيفٌ فِي حَيْفِكَ، وَلَا يَيْأَسَ ضَعِيفٌ مِنْ عَدْلِكَ، الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى، وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ، وَالصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِلَّا صُلْحًا أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا، أَوْ حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا، وَمَنِ ادَّعَى حَقًّا غَائِبًا، أَوْ بَيِّنَةً فَاضْرِبْ لَهُ أَمَدًا يَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِبَيِّنَةٍ أَعْطَيْتَهُ بِحَقِّهِ، فَإِنْ أَعْجَزَهُ ذَلِكَ اسْتَحْلَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضِيَّةَ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَبْلَغُ فِي الْعُذْرِ، وَأَجْلَى لِلْعَمَى، وَلَا يَمْنَعْكَ مِنْ قَضَاءٍ قَضَيْتَهُ الْيَوْمَ فَرَاجَعْتَ فِيهِ لِرَأْيِكَ، وَهُدِيتَ فِيهِ لِرُشْدِكَ، أَنْ تُرَاجِعَ الْحَقَّ، لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ قَدِيمٌ، لَا يُبْطِلُ الْحَقَّ شَيْءٌ، وَمُرَاجَعَةُ الْحَقِّ خَيْرٌ مِنَ التَّمَادِي فِي الْبَاطِلِ، وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ عُدُولٌ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ، إِلَّا مَجْلُودٌ فِي حَدٍّ، أَوْ مُجَرَّبٌ عَلَيْهِ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ، أَوْ ظَنِينٌ فِي وَلَاءٍ أَوْ قَرَابَةٍ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ تَوَلَّى مِنَ الْعِبَادِ السِّرَائِرَ، وَسَتَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُدُودَ إِلَّا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْأَيْمَانِ، ثُمَّ الْفَهْمَ الْفَهْمَ فِيمَا أُدْلِيَ إِلَيْكَ، مِمَّا لَيْسَ فِي قُرْآنٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ، ثُمَّ قَايِسِ الْأُمُورَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَاعْرِفِ الْأَمْثَالَ وَالْأَشْبَاهَ، ثُمَّ اعْمِدْ إِلَى أَحَبِّهَا إِلَى اللهِ فِيمَا تَرَى، وَأَشْبَهِهَا بِالْحَقِّ، وَإِيَّاكَ وَالْغَضَبَ، وَالْقَلَقَ وَالضَّجَرَ، وَالتَّأَذِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ عِنْدَ الْخُصُومَةِ، وَالتَّنَكُّرَ، فَإِنَّ الْقَضَاءَ فِي مَوَاطِنِ الْحَقِّ يُوجِبُ اللهُ لَهُ الْأَجْرَ، وَيُحْسِنُ بِهِ الذُّخْرَ، فَمَنْ خَلُصَتْ نِيَّتُهُ فِي الْحَقِّ، وَلَوْ كَانَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ كَفَاهُ اللهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَمَنْ تَزَيَّنَ لَهُمْ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِي قَلْبِهِ شَانَهُ اللهُ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لَا يَقْبَلُ مِنَ الْعِبَادَةِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ لَهُ خَالِصًا، وَمَا ظَنُّكَ بِثَوَابِ غَيْرِ اللهِ فِي عَاجِلِ رِزْقِهِ، وَخَزَائِنِ رَحْمَتِهِ؟.
Abu al-Awwam al-Basri narrates that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote a letter to Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him): The office of judging is an obligation, and a Sunnah that is to be followed. When a case is presented to you, understand it well, for speaking a truth that is not carried out is of no benefit. Treat people equally in your attention, your sitting and your judgement, so that no noble person hopes for injustice from you and no weak person despairs of your justice. The claimant must bring evidence, and the one who denies must take an oath. Making peace between Muslims is permissible, except a settlement that makes something lawful unlawful or something unlawful lawful. Whoever claims a right, or asks for time to bring evidence, fix a time for him; if he brings the evidence, give him his right, and if he cannot present evidence, then it is right to give judgement against him. This is also better for removing his excuse completely and clearer as regards the way. Let nothing prevent you, regarding a judgement you make today, once you have reconsidered your opinion and been rightly guided, from holding to the truth, for the truth is ancient and nothing nullifies the truth, and returning to the truth is better than inclining towards falsehood. All Muslims are fit to testify for one another, except one who has been given a hadd punishment, or one known to have given false testimony, or one suspected in a matter of wala' (clientage) or kinship. Allah Almighty has Himself taken charge of the inner secrets of His servants, and the hadd will be applied only on the basis of evidence and oaths. Then understand well the case that is presented to you, and in what is not found in the Qur'an and Sunnah, compare matters with one another, then recognise things that are alike, then aim for what is most beloved to Allah Almighty and closest to the truth. During judgement, do not feel anger, agitation, or annoyance at people's disputes. For judging according to the truth, Allah Almighty grants reward and makes it a treasure (that is, a store of good deeds). If the intention is sound, even if the judgement goes against oneself, Allah Almighty suffices for him. Whoever presents in an adorned way what is not in his heart, Allah Almighty disgraces him; Allah Almighty accepts only sincerity from His servants. So what do you think of the speedily given provision of Allah, rather than other than Allah, and the treasures of His mercy?
