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Bayhaqi 20093 — Which vows are fulfilled and which are not

وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أنبأ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَرَّ بِأَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ فِي الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ: " مَا لَهُ؟ " فَقَالُوا: " نَذَرَ أَنْ لَا يَسْتَظِلَّ، وَلَا يَقْعُدَ، وَلَا يُكَلِّمَ أَحَدًا، وَيَصُومَ "، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهَ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَسْتَظِلَّ، وَأَنْ يَقْعُدَ، وَأَنْ يُكَلِّمَ النَّاسَ، وَيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ، وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِكَفَّارَةٍ ". هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ وَفِيهِ، وَفِيمَا قَبْلَهُ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِكَفَّارَةٍ. وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا بِمِثْلِهِ، وَفِي آخِرِهِ: وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ بِالْكَفَّارَةِ " وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كُرَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَفِيهِ الْأَمْرُ بِالْكَفَّارَةِ " وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كُرَيْبٍ ضَعِيفٌ.
Tawus (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by Abu Isra'il (may Allah be pleased with him), who was standing in the sun, and said: "What is the matter with him?" They said that he had vowed that he would not sit, nor take shade, nor speak to anyone, and that he would fast. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him take shade, sit down, speak to people and complete his fast," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not order him to make expiation.
This is a good mursal report.
It has also been narrated from Muhammad bin Kurayb, from his father, from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), with the order to make expiation in it; Muhammad bin Kurayb is da'if (weak).
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب النذور / 20093
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