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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: المهادنة على النظر للمسلمين
Chapter: Truce in the interest of the Muslims
Bayhaqi 18807 — Truce in the interest of the Muslims
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْقَطِيعِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، وَمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، يُصَدِّقُ حَدِيثَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبُهُ قَالَا: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِائَةً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ قَلَّدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْهَدْيَ وَأَشْعَرَهُ وَأَحْرَمَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ، وَبَعَثَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ عَيْنًا لَهُ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ يُخْبِرُهُ عَنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَسَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِوَادِي الْأَشْطَاطِ قَرِيبٍ عَنْ عُسْفَانَ أَتَاهُ عَيْنُهُ الْخُزَاعِيُّ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي تَرَكْتُ كَعْبَ بْنَ لُؤَيٍّ وَعَامِرَ بْنَ لُؤَيٍّ قَدْ جَمَعُوا لَكَ الْأَحَابِشَ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ: عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، قَدْ جَمَعُوا لَكَ الْأَحَابِيشَ وَجَمَعُوا لَكَ جُمُوعًا وَهُمْ مُقَاتِلُوكَ وَصَادُّوكَ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ أَتَرَوْنَ أَنْ نَمِيلَ إِلَى ذَرَارِيِّ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ أَعَانُوهُمْ فَنُصِيبَهُمْ، فَإِنْ قَعَدُوا قَعَدُوا مَوْتُورِينَ مَحْزُونِينَ، وَإِنْ نَجَوْا تَكُنْ عُنُقًا قَطَعَهَا اللهُ، أَوْ تَرَوْنَ أَنْ نَؤُمَّ الْبَيْتَ فَمَنْ صَدَّنَا عَنْهُ قَاتَلْنَاهُ؟ ". فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، إِنَّمَا جِئْنَا مُعْتَمِرِينَ وَلَمْ نَجِئْ نُقَاتِلُ أَحَدًا، وَلَكِنْ مَنْ حَالَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْبَيْتِ قَاتَلْنَاهُ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فَرُوحُوا إِذًا ". قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا قَطُّ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مَشُورَةً لِأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ وَمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ: فَرَاحُوا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ بِالْغَمِيمِ فِي ⦗٣٦٧⦘ خَيْلٍ لِقُرَيْشٍ طَلِيعَةٍ، فَخُذُوا ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ ". فَوَاللهِ مَا شَعَرَ بِهِمْ خَالِدٌ حَتَّى إِذَا هُوَ بِغَبْرَةِ الْجَيْشِ، فَانْطَلَقَ يَرْكُضُ نَذِيرًا لِقُرَيْشٍ، وَسَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالثَّنِيَّةِ الَّتِي يَهْبِطُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْهَا بَرَكَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: حَلْ حَلْ، فَأَلَحَّتْ فَقَالُوا: خَلَأَتِ الْقَصْوَاءُ خَلَأَتِ الْقَصْوَاءُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَا خَلَأَتِ الْقَصْوَاءُ وَمَا ذَاكَ لَهَا بِخُلُقٍ، وَلَكِنْ حَبَسَهَا حَابِسُ الْفِيلِ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يَسْأَلُونَنِي خُطَّةً يُعَظِّمُونَ فِيهَا حُرُمَاتِ اللهِ إِلَّا أَعْطَيْتُهُمْ إِيَّاهَا. ثُمَّ زَجَرَهَا فَوَثَبَتْ بِهِ. قَالَ: فَعَدَلَ عَنْهَا حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِأَقْصَى الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ عَلَى ثَمَدٍ قَلِيلِ الْمَاءِ إِنَّمَا يَتَبَرَّضُهُ النَّاسُ تَبَرُّضًا، فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْهُ النَّاسُ أَنْ نَزَحُوهُ، فَشُكِيَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْعَطَشُ، فَانْتَزَعَ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِهِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَجْعَلُوهُ فِيهِ، قَالَ: فَوَاللهِ مَازَالَ يَجِيشُ لَهُمْ بِالرِّيِّ حَتَّى صَدَرُوا عَنْهُ. قَالَ: فَبَيْنَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَ بُدَيْلُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، وَكَانُوا عَيْبَةَ نُصْحِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ تِهَامَةَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي تَرَكْتُ كَعْبَ بْنَ لُؤَيٍّ، وَعَامِرَ بْنَ لُؤَيٍّ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَقَالَ: إِنِّي تَرَكْتُ كَعْبَ بْنَ لُؤَيٍّ وَعَامِرَ بْنَ لُؤَيٍّ نَزَلُوا أَعْدَادَ مِيَاهِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ مَعَهُمُ الْعُوذُ الْمَطَافِيلُ وَهُمْ مُقَاتِلُوكَ وَصَادُّوكَ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّا لَمْ نَجِئْ لِقِتَالِ أَحَدٍ، لَكِنَّا جِئْنَا مُعْتَمِرِينَ، وَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا قَدْ نَهِكَتْهُمُ الْحَرْبُ وَأَضَرَّتْ بِهِمْ، فَإِنْ شَاءُوا مَادَدْتُهُمْ مُدَّةً وَيُخَلُّوا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ، فَإِنْ أَظْهَرْ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا فِيمَا دَخَلَ فِيهِ النَّاسُ فَعَلُوا، وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ جَمُّوا، وَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّهُمْ عَلَى أَمْرِي هَذَا حَتَّى تَنْفَرِدَ سَالِفَتِي أَوْ لَيُنْفِذَنَّ اللهُ أَمْرَهُ ". قَالَ يَحْيَى: عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، حَتَّى تَنْفَرِدَ، قَالَ: فَإِنْ شَاءوا مَادَدْنَاهُمْ مُدَّةً، قَالَ بُدَيْلٌ: سَأُبَلِّغُهُمْ مَا تَقُولُ، فَانْطَلَقَ حَتَّى أَتَى قُرَيْشًا فَقَالَ: إِنَّا قَدْ جِئْنَاكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ وَسَمِعْنَاهُ يَقُولُ قَوْلًا، فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ نَعْرِضْهُ عَلَيْكُمْ. فَقَالَ سُفَهَاؤُهُمْ: لَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِي أَنْ تُحَدِّثَنَا عَنْهُ بِشَيْءٍ، وَقَالَ ذَوُو الرَّأْيِ مِنْهُمْ: هَاتِ مَا سَمِعْتَهُ يَقُولُ. قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ كَذَا وَكَذَا. فَحَدَّثَهُمْ بِمَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَامَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ فَقَالَ: أَيْ قَوْمِ، أَلَسْتُمْ بِالْوَلَدِ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى، قَالَ: أَوَلَسْتُ بِالْوَالِدِ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى، قَالَ: فَهَلْ تَتَّهِمُونَنِي؟ قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: أَلَسْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي اسْتَنْفَرْتُ أَهْلَ عُكَاظٍ فَلَمَّا جَمَحُوا عَلَيَّ جِئْتُكُمْ بِأَهْلِي وَوَلَدِي وَمَنْ أَطَاعَنِي؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى، قَالَ: فَإِنَّ هَذَا قَدْ عَرَضَ عَلَيْكُمْ خُطَّةَ رُشْدٍ فَاقْبَلُوهَا وَدَعُونِي آتِهِ، فَقَالُوا: ائْتِهِ. فَأَتَاهُ فَجَعَلَ يُكَلِّمُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ نَحْوًا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ لِبُدَيْلٍ، فَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: أَيْ مُحَمَّدُ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَأْصَلْتَ قَوْمَكَ هَلْ⦗٣٦٨⦘ سَمِعْتَ بِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ اجْتَاحَ أَصْلَهُ قَبْلَكَ، وَإِنْ تَكُنِ الْأُخْرَى فَوَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَرَى وُجُوهًا وَأَرَى أَوْبَاشًا مِنَ النَّاسِ خُلَقَاءَ أَنْ يَفِرُّوا وَيَدَعُوكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: امْصُصْ بَظْرَ اللَّاتِ، أَنَحْنُ نَفِرُّ عَنْهُ وَنَدَعُهُ؟ فَقَالَ: مَنْ ذَا؟ فَقَالَ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَ: أَمَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْلَا يَدٌ كَانَتْ لَكَ عِنْدِي لَمْ أَجْزِكَ بِهَا لَأَجَبْتُكَ. وَجَعَلَ يُكَلِّمُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا كَلَّمَهُ أَخَذَ بِلِحْيَتِهِ، وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى رَأْسِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَعَهُ السَّيْفُ وَعَلَيْهِ الْمِغْفَرُ فَكُلَّمَا أَهْوَى عُرْوَةُ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى لِحْيَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ضَرَبَ يَدَهُ بِنَعْلِ السَّيْفِ وَقَالَ: أَخِّرْ يَدَكَ عَنْ لِحْيَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَرَفَعَ عُرْوَةُ يَدَهُ فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ: أَيْ غُدَرُ أَوَلَسْتُ أَسْعَى فِي غَدْرَتِكَ، وَكَانَ الْمُغِيرَةُ صَحِبَ قَوْمًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَتَلَهُمْ وَأَخَذَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ وَأَسْلَمَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَمَّا الْإِسْلَامُ فَأَقْبَلُ، وَأَمَّا الْمَالُ فَلَسْتُ مِنْهُ فِي شَيْءٍ "، ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُرْوَةَ جَعَلَ يَرْمُقُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَيْنِهِ قَالَ: فَوَاللهِ مَا تَنَخَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نُخَامَةً إِلَّا وَقَعَتْ فِي كَفِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ فَدَلَكَ بِهَا وَجْهَهُ وَجِلْدَهُ، وَإِذَا أَمَرَهُمُ ابْتَدَرُوا أَمْرَهُ، وَإِذَا تَوَضَّأَ كَادُوا يَقْتَتِلُونَ عَلَى وَضُوئِهِ، وَإِذَا تَكَلَّمُوا خَفَضُوا أَصْوَاتَهُمْ، وَمَا يُحِدُّونَ النَّظَرَ إِلَيْهِ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ: أَيْ قَوْمِ، وَاللهِ لَقَدْ وَفَدْتُ عَلَى الْمُلُوكِ وَوَفَدْتُ عَلَى قَيْصَرَ وَكِسْرَى وَالنَّجَاشِيِّ، وَاللهِ إِنْ رَأَيْتُ مَلِكًا قَطُّ يُعَظِّمُهُ أَصْحَابُهُ مَا يُعَظِّمُ أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ مُحَمَّدًا، وَاللهِ إِنْ تَنَخَّمَ نُخَامَةً إِلَّا وَقَعَتْ فِي كَفِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ فَدَلَكَ بِهَا وَجْهَهُ وَجِلْدَهُ، وَإِذَا أَمَرَهُمُ ابْتَدَرُوا أَمْرَهُ، وَإِذَا تَوَضَّأَ كَادُوا يَقْتَتِلُونَ عَلَى وَضُوئِهِ، وَإِذَا تَكَلَّمُوا خَفَضُوا أَصْوَاتَهُمْ عِنْدَهُ، وَمَا يُحِدُّونَ إِلَيْهِ النَّظَرَ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ، وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ عَرَضَ عَلَيْكُمْ خُطَّةَ رُشْدٍ فَاقْبَلُوهَا. فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ: دَعُونِي آتِهِ. قَالُوا: ائْتِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هَذَا فُلَانٌ وَهُوَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ يُعَظِّمُونَ الْبُدْنَ فَابْعَثُوهَا لَهُ "، فَبُعِثَتْ لَهُ وَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ الْقَوْمُ يُلَبُّونَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ مَا يَنْبَغِي لِهَؤُلَاءِ أَنْ يُصَدُّوا عَنِ الْبَيْتِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ الْبُدْنَ قَدْ قُلِّدَتْ وَأُشْعِرَتْ، فَلَمْ أَرَ أَنْ يُصَدُّوا عَنِ الْبَيْتِ، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ مِكْرَزُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ فَقَالَ: دَعُونِي آتِهِ، فَقَالُوا: ائْتِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هَذَا مِكْرَزٌ وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ فَاجِرٌ ". فَجَعَلَ يُكَلِّمُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَبَيْنَا هُوَ يُكَلِّمُهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذْ جَاءَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، أَنَّهُ لَمَّا جَاءَ سُهَيْلٌ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " قَدْ سُهِّلَ لَكُمْ أَمْرُكُمْ ". قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: فَجَاءَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فَقَالَ: هَاتِ اكْتُبْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ كِتَابًا، فَدَعَا الْكَاتِبَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اكْتُبْ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ "، فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: أَمَّا الرَّحْمَنُ فَوَاللهِ مَا أَدْرِي مَا هُوَ، وَلَكِنِ اكْتُبْ: بِاسْمِكَ اللهُمَّ كَمَا كُنْتَ تَكْتُبُ. فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ: لَا نَكْتُبُهَا إِلَّا بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اكْتُبْ بِاسْمِكَ اللهُمَّ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: " هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ "، فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: وَاللهِ لَوْ كُنَّا نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ مَا صَدَدْنَاكَ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ وَلَا قَاتَلْنَاكَ، وَلَكِنِ اكْتُبْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ⦗٣٦٩⦘ عَبْدِ اللهِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنِّي لَرَسُولُ اللهِ وَإِنْ كَذَّبْتُمُونِي، اكْتُبْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِهِ: " لَا يَسْأَلُونَنِي خُطَّةً يُعَظِّمُونَ فِيهَا حُرُمَاتِ اللهِ إِلَّا أَعْطَيْتُهُمْ إِيَّاهَا "، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " عَلَى أَنْ تُخَلُّوا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْبَيْتِ فَنَطُوفَ بِهِ "، فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: وَاللهِ لَا تَتَحَدَّثُ الْعَرَبُ أَنَّا أُخِذْنَا ضَغْطَةً، وَلَكِنْ لَكَ مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ، فَكَتَبَ، فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَأْتِيَكَ مِنَّا رَجُلٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِكَ إِلَّا رَدَدْتَهُ إِلَيْنَا. فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ كَيْفَ يُرَدُّ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ مُسْلِمًا؟ فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَ أَبُو جَنْدَلِ بْنُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو يَرْسُفُ، وَقَالَ يَحْيَى: عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، يَرْصُفُ فِي قُيُودِهِ، وَقَدْ خَرَجَ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى رَمَى بِنَفْسِهِ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: هَذَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَوَّلُ مَا أُقَاضِيكَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ تَرُدَّهُ إِلِيَّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّا لَمْ نَقْضِ الْكِتَابَ بَعْدُ "، قَالَ: فَوَاللهِ إِذًا لَا نُصَالِحُكَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ أَبَدًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فَأَجِزْهُ لِي "، قَالَ: مَا أَنَا بِمُجِيزِهِ، قَالَ: " بَلَى فَافْعَلْ ". قَالَ: مَا أَنَا بِفَاعِلٍ، قَالَ مِكْرَزٌ: بَلَى قَدْ أَجَزْنَاهُ لَكَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ: أَيْ مَعَاشِرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أُرَدُّ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَقَدْ جِئْتُ مُسْلِمًا، أَلَا تَرَوْنَ مَا قَدْ أَتَيْتُ؟ وَكَانَ قَدْ عُذِّبَ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا فِي اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ: أَلَسْتَ نَبِيَّ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: " بَلَى "، قُلْتُ: أَلَسْنَا عَلَى الْحَقِّ وَعَدُوُّنَا عَلَى الْبَاطِلِ؟ قَالَ: " بَلَى "، قُلْتُ: فَلِمَ نُعْطِي الدَّنِيَّةَ فِي دِينِنَا إِذًا؟ قَالَ: " إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ وَلَسْتُ أَعْصِيهِ وَهُوَ نَاصِرِي "، قُلْتُ: أَوَلَيْسَ كُنْتَ تُحَدِّثُنَا أَنَّا سَنَأْتِي الْبَيْتَ فَنَطُوفُ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: " بَلَى فَأَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنَّكَ تَأْتِيهِ الْعَامَ "؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَ: " فَإِنَّكَ آتِيهِ وَمُطَّوِّفٌ بِهِ ". قَالَ: فَأَتَيْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَلَيْسَ هَذَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ حَقًّا؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، قُلْتُ: أَلَسْنَا عَلَى الْحَقِّ وَعَدُوُّنَا عَلَى الْبَاطِلِ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، قُلْتُ: فَلِمَ نُعْطِي الدَّنِيَّةَ فِي دِينِنَا إِذًا؟ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ إِنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ وَلَنْ يَعْصِيَ رَبَّهُ وَهُوَ نَاصِرُهُ فَاسْتَمْسِكْ بِغَرْزِهِ حَتَّى تَمُوتَ، فَوَاللهِ إِنَّهُ لَعَلَى الْحَقِّ، قُلْتُ: أَوَلَيْسَ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُنَا أَنَّهُ سَيَأْتِي الْبَيْتَ وَيَطُوفُ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، أَفَأَخْبَرَكَ أَنَّكَ تَأْتِيهِ الْعَامَ، قُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَ: فَإِنَّكَ آتِيهِ فَتَطُوفُ بِهِ. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَعَمِلْتُ لِذَلِكَ أَعْمَالًا. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قَضِيَّةِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: " قُومُوا فَانْحَرُوا ثُمَّ احْلِقُوا ". قَالَ: فَوَاللهِ مَا قَامَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى قَالَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقُمْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ قَامَ فَدَخَلَ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَذَكَرَ لَهَا مَا لَقِيَ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَتُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ؟ اخْرُجْ ثُمَّ لَا تُكَلِّمْ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ كَلِمَةً حَتَّى تَنْحَرَ بُدْنَكَ وَتَدْعُوَ حَالِقَكَ فَيَحْلِقَكَ. فَقَامَ فَخَرَجَ فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمْ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ وَنَحَرَ هَدْيَهُ وَدَعَا حَالِقَهُ، يَعْنِي فَحَلَقَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا ذَلِكَ قَامُوا فَنَحَرُوا وَجَعَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ⦗٣٧٠⦘ يَحْلِقُ بَعْضًا حَتَّى كَادَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقْتُلُ بَعْضًا غَمًّا، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ نِسْوَةٌ مُؤْمِنَاتٌ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ} [الممتحنة: ١٠] حَتَّى بَلَغَ {بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ} [الممتحنة: ١٠]. قَالَ: فَطَلَّقَ عُمَرُ يَوْمَئِذٍ امْرَأَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا لَهُ فِي الشِّرْكِ، فَتَزَوَّجَ إِحْدَاهُمَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَالْأُخْرَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَجَاءَهُ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَهُوَ مُسْلِمٌ، وَقَالَ يَحْيَى: عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو بَصِيرِ بْنُ أُسَيْدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ مُسْلِمًا مُهَاجِرًا، فَاسْتَأْجَرَ الْأَخْنَسُ بْنُ شَرِيقٍ رَجُلًا كَافِرًا مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ وَمَوْلًى مَعَهُ وَكَتَبَ مَعَهُمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْأَلُهُ الْوَفَاءَ. قَالَ: فَأَرْسَلُوا فِي طَلَبِهِ رَجُلَيْنِ، فَقَالُوا: الْعَهْدَ الَّذِي جَعَلْتَ لَنَا فِيهِ. فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَخَرَجَا بِهِ حَتَّى بَلَغَا بِهِ ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ، فَنَزَلُوا يَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ تَمْرٍ لَهُمْ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ لِأَحَدِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ: وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَرَى سَيْفَكَ يَا فُلَانُ هَذَا جَيِّدًا، فَاسْتَلَّهُ الْآخَرُ فَقَالَ: أَجَلْ، وَاللهِ إِنَّهُ لَجَيِّدٌ، لَقَدْ جَرَّبْتُ بِهِ ثُمَّ جَرَّبْتُ. قَالَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ: أَرِنِي أَنْظُرْ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَمْكَنَهُ مِنْهُ فَضَرَبَهُ بِهِ حَتَّى بَرَدَ وَفَرَّ الْآخَرُ حَتَّى أَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ يَعْدُو، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَقَدْ رَأَى هَذَا ذُعْرًا، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: قُتِلَ وَاللهِ صَاحِبِي وَإِنِّي لَمَقْتُولٌ. فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ قَدْ وَاللهِ أَوْفَى اللهُ ذِمَّتَكَ، قَدْ رَدَدْتَنِي إِلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ أَنْجَانِي اللهُ مِنْهُمْ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " وَيْلُ امِّهِ مِسْعَرَ حَرْبٍ لَوْ كَانَ لَهُ أَحَدٌ ". فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ عَرَفَ أَنَّهُ سَيَرُدُّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى أَتَى سِيفَ الْبَحْرِ. قَالَ: وَيَنْفَلِتُ أَبُو جَنْدَلِ بْنُ سُهَيْلٍ فَلَحِقَ بِأَبِي بَصِيرٍ، فَجَعَلَ لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ رَجُلٌ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ إِلَّا لَحِقَ بِأَبِي بَصِيرٍ، حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَتْ مِنْهُمْ عِصَابَةٌ. قَالَ: فَوَاللهِ مَا يَسْمَعُونَ بِعِيرٍ خَرَجَتْ لِقُرَيْشٍ إِلَى الشَّامِ إِلَّا اعْتَرَضُوا لَهَا فَقَتَلُوهُمْ وَأَخَذُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تُنَاشِدُهُ اللهَ وَالرَّحِمَ لَمَا أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَمَنْ أَتَاهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، فَأَرْسَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ} [الفتح: ٢٤] حَتَّى بَلَغَ {حَمِيَّةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ} [الفتح: ٢٦]، وَكَانَتْ حَمِيَّتُهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُقِرُّوا أَنَّهُ نَبِيُّ اللهِ، وَلَمْ يُقِرُّوا بِبِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، وَحَالُوا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْبَيْتِ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ.
Al-Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan bin al-Hakam (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: In the year of Hudaybiyah the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) set out with a little more than a thousand Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). When he (peace and blessings be upon him) reached Dhu al-Hulayfah, he put garlands on the necks of the sacrificial animals and marked the camels, put on ihram for Umrah, and sent ahead of him a man of the Khuza'ah tribe to gather intelligence on Quraysh. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) reached the valley of al-Ashtat, which is near Usfan, the Khuza'i scout came and said: Ka'b bin Lu'ayy and Amir bin Lu'ayy have gathered armies against you.
(b) Yahya bin Sa'id narrates from Abdullah bin al-Mubarak (may Allah have mercy on him): They have gathered armies against you; they want to fight you and bar you from the House of Allah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Advise me about them. Do you want us to seize the offspring of those who helped them? If they stay seated, they will be in distress, and if they escape, it will be a neck that Allah has cut off. Or is your view that we should fight only those who bar us from the House of Allah?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah and His Messenger know best. We came only to perform Umrah; we had no intention of fighting. But still, whoever stands as an obstacle between us and the House of Allah, we will fight him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then let us go."
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say that no one consulted his Companions more than the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Al-Zuhri said, regarding the hadith of al-Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan bin al-Hakam (may Allah be pleased with them both): When they were travelling along a road, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Khalid bin al-Walid is at a place called al-Ghamim with the vanguard of Quraysh. Take the right-hand way." By Allah! Khalid did not even notice them until he saw the dust of the army, and then he went galloping to warn Quraysh. When they reached the mountain pass beyond which they would face the disbelievers, his (peace and blessings be upon him) mount knelt down. The people called out: Get up, get up! Al-Qaswa' has balked! Al-Qaswa' has balked! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Al-Qaswa' has not balked, nor is that her habit; rather, she has been held back by the One who held back the elephants of Abrahah." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in whose hand is my soul! If they (Quraysh) ask me for any matter in which they honour the sanctities of Allah, I will grant them every such matter." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) urged al-Qaswa' on, and she leapt up. He (peace and blessings be upon him) turned off the road to Makkah and headed towards Hudaybiyah. Then he camped at the far edge of Hudaybiyah, where there was a well with little water. The people were taking water from it little by little, and in a short while they had used up its water. When thirst was complained of to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he drew an arrow from his quiver and ordered the people to put that arrow into the well. The narrator says: By Allah! When the arrow was put in, the water began to gush forth, and the people kept drinking their fill until they departed. While they were in this state, Budayl bin Warqa' al-Khuza'i came with a group of Banu Khuza'ah. He was the confidant of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) among the people of Tihamah. He said: I have left Ka'b bin Lu'ayy and Amir bin Lu'ayy.
Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Yahya bin Sa'id narrates from Abdullah bin al-Mubarak (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: I have left Ka'b bin Lu'ayy and Amir bin Lu'ayy at the waters of Hudaybiyah in great numbers; they want to fight you and bar you from the House of Allah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We have not come to fight, only to perform Umrah. Wars have weakened Quraysh and harmed them. If they wish, I will fix a term with them, and they should leave me and the (rest of the) people alone. Then if I prevail, if they wish they may enter what the people have entered; otherwise (in that period) they will have rested and regained their strength. And if they refuse, then by Allah! I will fight them for this religion of mine until I am left alone, or Allah, the Lord of Might, carries out His command." Budayl said: I will convey what you say. He went to Quraysh and said: I have come from this man (that is, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)), and I have heard some things from him. If you wish, I will tell you. Their foolish ones said: Do not relate anything of his to us; we have no need of it. But the people of sound judgement said: Tell us what you have heard. He said: I heard him say such and such, and he told them what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had said. Then Urwah bin Mas'ud al-Thaqafi stood up and said: O my people, are you not (like) the children? They said: Of course. He said: Am I not (like) the father? They said: Of course. Urwah said: Do you suspect me of anything? They said: No, nothing. He said: Do you not know that I called on the people of Ukaz to go out (to help you), and when they did not obey me, I came to you with my family, my children and those who followed me? The Quraysh said: What you say is true. Then Urwah said: He has put forward a sound proposal; accept it, and let me go to him. So the Quraysh allowed him to go. Urwah too spoke with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as Budayl had, and at that time Urwah also said: O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), what do you think: if you wipe out your people, have you heard of anyone before you who wiped out his own people? And on the other hand, by Allah! I see such riff-raff as will flee and leave you. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Go and suck the private part of al-Lat! Would we flee and leave him? Urwah asked: Who is this? He was told: Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Urwah said: By Allah! Were it not for a favour you once did me, I would have answered you. Then he began talking with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Whenever he spoke, he would touch the blessed beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with his hand. Al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) was standing by the head of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), holding a sword and wearing a helmet. Whenever Urwah brought his hand towards the beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him) would strike his hand with the lower end of the sword and say: Keep your hand away from the blessed beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Urwah asked: Who is this? The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) said: This is al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him). Urwah said: O treacherous one! Did I not pay for your treachery? In the Era of Ignorance, al-Mughirah had kept company with some people, then killed them and taken their wealth; then he came and became Muslim, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) had said: "Your Islam I accept, but I have nothing to do with the wealth." Then Urwah observed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with his own eyes. Even the spittle of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would fall into a Companion's hand, and they would rub it on their faces and bodies; when he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave an order, they would hasten to carry it out; when he (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution, they would almost fight over the water of his ablution; when he (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke to them, their voices would be lowered; and no one would gaze at him fully, out of reverence. Urwah went back to Quraysh and said: O my people! I have been to the courts of Caesar, Chosroes and the Negus, and I have not seen any king whose companions revere him as much as the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) revere Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah! If he spits, it falls into the palm of one of them, who rubs it on his face and body; they hasten to carry out his order; they almost fight over the water of his ablution; when they speak in his presence, they lower their voices; and they do not gaze at him fully, out of reverence. He has put forward a good proposal; accept it. A man of Banu Kinanah said: I will go to them. The Quraysh allowed him too to go. When he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is so-and-so; he is from a people who revere the sacrificial animals, so bring the sacrificial animals before him." The sacrificial animals were brought before him, and the people received him while reciting the talbiyah. When he saw this, he said: Glory be to Allah! Such people should not be barred from the House of Allah. When he returned to his companions, he said: I have seen the sacrificial camels garlanded and marked; I do not think they should be barred from the House of Allah. Then Mikraz bin Hafs said: Let me go to them. When he came, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Mikraz bin Hafs is a wicked man." He began talking with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Meanwhile Suhayl bin Amr arrived. Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Suhayl bin Amr came, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Your matter has been made easy for you."
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Suhayl bin Amr said: Come, let me write an agreement between us and you. He called for the scribe, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Write: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful." Suhayl said: We do not know al-Rahman; rather write: 'Bismika Allahumma' (In Your name, O Allah). So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Write: 'Bismika Allahumma.'" Then he said: "Write: This is the agreement which Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), has made." Suhayl objected and said: By Allah! If we believed that you are the Messenger of Allah, we would not have prevented you from entering the House of Allah; write Muhammad bin Abdullah. Hearing this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah! I am the Messenger of Allah, despite your denial." And Muhammad bin Abdullah was written. Al-Zuhri said this was in keeping with his saying: If Quraysh ask me for any matter in which they honour the sanctities of Allah, I will grant them every such matter. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Move out from between us and the House of Allah so that we may perform tawaf of the House of Allah." Suhayl said: By Allah! The Arabs shall not say that we were caught off guard; but you may come next year. He (peace and blessings be upon him) had it written. Then Suhayl said: Whoever comes to you from our side, even if he is on your religion, you will be bound to return him to us. The Muslims said: Subhan Allah! How can he be returned to the polytheists when he has come as a Muslim? We were in this state when Abu Jandal bin Suhayl (may Allah be pleased with him) came, bound in his fetters; he had come out from the lower part of Makkah and reached the midst of the Muslims. Suhayl said: O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), this is the first demand: that you return Abu Jandal. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The agreement has not yet been completed." Suhayl said: Then we will not make any agreement at all. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Grant him protection for my sake." Suhayl said: I will not grant protection. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Come, do it." Suhayl said: I am not going to do it. Then Mikraz said: We have granted him protection for you. Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O company of Muslims! Am I to be returned to the polytheists when I am a Muslim? Do you not see the state in which I have come? And I have been tormented for the sake of Allah. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Are you not the Prophet of Allah? He said: "I am the Prophet of Allah." I asked: Are we not upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood? He said: "We are upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood." I said: Then why such weakness in religion? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am the Messenger of Allah; I do not disobey Him, and He is my Helper." I asked: Did you (peace and blessings be upon him) not say that we would soon perform tawaf of the House of Allah? He said: "I did say it; but did I also say that it would be this very year?" I said: That you did not say. He said: "You will come and perform its tawaf." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked: O Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), is the Prophet of Allah not upon the truth? He said: He is upon the truth. I said: Are we not upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood? He said: It is so. I said: Then why are we showing weakness in our religion? Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), he is the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He will never disobey his Lord, and He will help him. Hold fast to him until death; by Allah! he is upon the truth. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Did he not speak about the tawaf of the House of Allah? Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Did he speak of the tawaf being this very year? I said: No. He said: Then you will come and perform its tawaf. Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I did many good deeds on account of that. When the agreement was completed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to slaughter the sacrificial animals, then he said: "Shave your heads." The narrator says that despite his (peace and blessings be upon him) saying it three times, no one stood up. When no one stood up, he (peace and blessings be upon him) went to Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) and told her of the distress he had met from the people. Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked: Do you want that? Then go and slaughter your sacrifice, do not speak to anyone, and have your head shaved. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) did just that: without speaking to anyone, he slaughtered his sacrifice and called the barber and had his head shaved. When they saw this, they slaughtered their sacrificial animals and shaved one another's heads, and in their grief they almost killed one another. Then some believing women came, and upon that Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants" [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10] up to His saying: "the ties of disbelieving women" [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10]. (Meaning:) O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants, they are not lawful for the disbelievers. The narrator says: On that day Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) divorced two women; one of them was married by Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) and the other by Safwan bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned to Madinah, and Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) came; he was a Muslim man of Quraysh. Yahya narrates from Abdullah bin al-Mubarak (may Allah have mercy on him) that Abu Basir bin Usayd al-Thaqafi (may Allah be pleased with him) became Muslim and emigrated, so al-Akhnas bin Shariq hired a disbelieving man of Banu Amir bin Lu'ayy along with a slave, and gave them a letter (saying) that they should tell him (peace and blessings be upon him): Fulfil the agreement. So the disbelievers of Makkah sent two men to bring him back, (saying): (Fulfil) the agreement which you have made with us. He (peace and blessings be upon him) handed Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) over to them. They set off with him for Makkah. When they reached Dhu al-Hulayfah, the two men stopped there and began eating dates. Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) said to one of the two men: O so-and-so, by Allah! this sword of yours seems excellent to me. The other drew the sword and said: By Allah! It is excellent; I have tested it. (Abu Basir said:) Just show it to me; I want to look at it. He handed the sword to Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him), and Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) struck him with the sword. When he went cold, the other man fled, reached Madinah and entered the Prophet's Mosque panting. On seeing him, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This man has encountered something frightening." He said hastily: My companion has been killed, and I too will surely be killed. Meanwhile Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) also arrived. Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Allah has fulfilled your obligation; you returned me, then Allah saved me from them. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Woe to his mother! He is a kindler of war, if only he had someone with him." When Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) heard this, he was certain that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would send him back, so he left from there and reached the seashore. Meanwhile Abu Jandal bin Suhayl (may Allah be pleased with him) broke free of his fetters and joined Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him). Then whoever came out of Quraysh of Makkah as a Muslim would join Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him), until a band of them was formed. The narrator said: By Allah! Whenever they heard of a caravan of Quraysh heading towards Syria, they would attack that caravan, put the people of the caravan to death and seize their wealth. So Quraysh, in alarm, sent a message to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), adjuring him by Allah and by the ties of kinship to send word to them (the band of Abu Basir) and call them to Madinah, and that whoever came to him as a Muslim would be safe. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent them word to come to Madinah. Upon that Allah revealed this verse: "And it is He who restrained their hands from you and your hands from them" [Surah al-Fath: 24] up to His saying: "the zealotry of the Era of Ignorance" [Surah al-Fath: 26]: the One who protected you from their hands and them from your hands. Their zealotry was that they did not acknowledge him as a Prophet, did not allow Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim to be written, and barred (them) from the House of Allah. [Sahih. Bukhari: 2734]
(b) Yahya bin Sa'id narrates from Abdullah bin al-Mubarak (may Allah have mercy on him): They have gathered armies against you; they want to fight you and bar you from the House of Allah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Advise me about them. Do you want us to seize the offspring of those who helped them? If they stay seated, they will be in distress, and if they escape, it will be a neck that Allah has cut off. Or is your view that we should fight only those who bar us from the House of Allah?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah and His Messenger know best. We came only to perform Umrah; we had no intention of fighting. But still, whoever stands as an obstacle between us and the House of Allah, we will fight him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then let us go."
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say that no one consulted his Companions more than the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Al-Zuhri said, regarding the hadith of al-Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan bin al-Hakam (may Allah be pleased with them both): When they were travelling along a road, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Khalid bin al-Walid is at a place called al-Ghamim with the vanguard of Quraysh. Take the right-hand way." By Allah! Khalid did not even notice them until he saw the dust of the army, and then he went galloping to warn Quraysh. When they reached the mountain pass beyond which they would face the disbelievers, his (peace and blessings be upon him) mount knelt down. The people called out: Get up, get up! Al-Qaswa' has balked! Al-Qaswa' has balked! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Al-Qaswa' has not balked, nor is that her habit; rather, she has been held back by the One who held back the elephants of Abrahah." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in whose hand is my soul! If they (Quraysh) ask me for any matter in which they honour the sanctities of Allah, I will grant them every such matter." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) urged al-Qaswa' on, and she leapt up. He (peace and blessings be upon him) turned off the road to Makkah and headed towards Hudaybiyah. Then he camped at the far edge of Hudaybiyah, where there was a well with little water. The people were taking water from it little by little, and in a short while they had used up its water. When thirst was complained of to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he drew an arrow from his quiver and ordered the people to put that arrow into the well. The narrator says: By Allah! When the arrow was put in, the water began to gush forth, and the people kept drinking their fill until they departed. While they were in this state, Budayl bin Warqa' al-Khuza'i came with a group of Banu Khuza'ah. He was the confidant of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) among the people of Tihamah. He said: I have left Ka'b bin Lu'ayy and Amir bin Lu'ayy.
Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Yahya bin Sa'id narrates from Abdullah bin al-Mubarak (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: I have left Ka'b bin Lu'ayy and Amir bin Lu'ayy at the waters of Hudaybiyah in great numbers; they want to fight you and bar you from the House of Allah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We have not come to fight, only to perform Umrah. Wars have weakened Quraysh and harmed them. If they wish, I will fix a term with them, and they should leave me and the (rest of the) people alone. Then if I prevail, if they wish they may enter what the people have entered; otherwise (in that period) they will have rested and regained their strength. And if they refuse, then by Allah! I will fight them for this religion of mine until I am left alone, or Allah, the Lord of Might, carries out His command." Budayl said: I will convey what you say. He went to Quraysh and said: I have come from this man (that is, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)), and I have heard some things from him. If you wish, I will tell you. Their foolish ones said: Do not relate anything of his to us; we have no need of it. But the people of sound judgement said: Tell us what you have heard. He said: I heard him say such and such, and he told them what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had said. Then Urwah bin Mas'ud al-Thaqafi stood up and said: O my people, are you not (like) the children? They said: Of course. He said: Am I not (like) the father? They said: Of course. Urwah said: Do you suspect me of anything? They said: No, nothing. He said: Do you not know that I called on the people of Ukaz to go out (to help you), and when they did not obey me, I came to you with my family, my children and those who followed me? The Quraysh said: What you say is true. Then Urwah said: He has put forward a sound proposal; accept it, and let me go to him. So the Quraysh allowed him to go. Urwah too spoke with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as Budayl had, and at that time Urwah also said: O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), what do you think: if you wipe out your people, have you heard of anyone before you who wiped out his own people? And on the other hand, by Allah! I see such riff-raff as will flee and leave you. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Go and suck the private part of al-Lat! Would we flee and leave him? Urwah asked: Who is this? He was told: Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Urwah said: By Allah! Were it not for a favour you once did me, I would have answered you. Then he began talking with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Whenever he spoke, he would touch the blessed beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with his hand. Al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) was standing by the head of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), holding a sword and wearing a helmet. Whenever Urwah brought his hand towards the beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), al-Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him) would strike his hand with the lower end of the sword and say: Keep your hand away from the blessed beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Urwah asked: Who is this? The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) said: This is al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him). Urwah said: O treacherous one! Did I not pay for your treachery? In the Era of Ignorance, al-Mughirah had kept company with some people, then killed them and taken their wealth; then he came and became Muslim, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) had said: "Your Islam I accept, but I have nothing to do with the wealth." Then Urwah observed the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with his own eyes. Even the spittle of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would fall into a Companion's hand, and they would rub it on their faces and bodies; when he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave an order, they would hasten to carry it out; when he (peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution, they would almost fight over the water of his ablution; when he (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke to them, their voices would be lowered; and no one would gaze at him fully, out of reverence. Urwah went back to Quraysh and said: O my people! I have been to the courts of Caesar, Chosroes and the Negus, and I have not seen any king whose companions revere him as much as the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) revere Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah! If he spits, it falls into the palm of one of them, who rubs it on his face and body; they hasten to carry out his order; they almost fight over the water of his ablution; when they speak in his presence, they lower their voices; and they do not gaze at him fully, out of reverence. He has put forward a good proposal; accept it. A man of Banu Kinanah said: I will go to them. The Quraysh allowed him too to go. When he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is so-and-so; he is from a people who revere the sacrificial animals, so bring the sacrificial animals before him." The sacrificial animals were brought before him, and the people received him while reciting the talbiyah. When he saw this, he said: Glory be to Allah! Such people should not be barred from the House of Allah. When he returned to his companions, he said: I have seen the sacrificial camels garlanded and marked; I do not think they should be barred from the House of Allah. Then Mikraz bin Hafs said: Let me go to them. When he came, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Mikraz bin Hafs is a wicked man." He began talking with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Meanwhile Suhayl bin Amr arrived. Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Suhayl bin Amr came, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Your matter has been made easy for you."
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Suhayl bin Amr said: Come, let me write an agreement between us and you. He called for the scribe, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Write: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful." Suhayl said: We do not know al-Rahman; rather write: 'Bismika Allahumma' (In Your name, O Allah). So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Write: 'Bismika Allahumma.'" Then he said: "Write: This is the agreement which Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), has made." Suhayl objected and said: By Allah! If we believed that you are the Messenger of Allah, we would not have prevented you from entering the House of Allah; write Muhammad bin Abdullah. Hearing this, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah! I am the Messenger of Allah, despite your denial." And Muhammad bin Abdullah was written. Al-Zuhri said this was in keeping with his saying: If Quraysh ask me for any matter in which they honour the sanctities of Allah, I will grant them every such matter. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Move out from between us and the House of Allah so that we may perform tawaf of the House of Allah." Suhayl said: By Allah! The Arabs shall not say that we were caught off guard; but you may come next year. He (peace and blessings be upon him) had it written. Then Suhayl said: Whoever comes to you from our side, even if he is on your religion, you will be bound to return him to us. The Muslims said: Subhan Allah! How can he be returned to the polytheists when he has come as a Muslim? We were in this state when Abu Jandal bin Suhayl (may Allah be pleased with him) came, bound in his fetters; he had come out from the lower part of Makkah and reached the midst of the Muslims. Suhayl said: O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), this is the first demand: that you return Abu Jandal. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The agreement has not yet been completed." Suhayl said: Then we will not make any agreement at all. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Grant him protection for my sake." Suhayl said: I will not grant protection. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Come, do it." Suhayl said: I am not going to do it. Then Mikraz said: We have granted him protection for you. Abu Jandal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O company of Muslims! Am I to be returned to the polytheists when I am a Muslim? Do you not see the state in which I have come? And I have been tormented for the sake of Allah. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Are you not the Prophet of Allah? He said: "I am the Prophet of Allah." I asked: Are we not upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood? He said: "We are upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood." I said: Then why such weakness in religion? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I am the Messenger of Allah; I do not disobey Him, and He is my Helper." I asked: Did you (peace and blessings be upon him) not say that we would soon perform tawaf of the House of Allah? He said: "I did say it; but did I also say that it would be this very year?" I said: That you did not say. He said: "You will come and perform its tawaf." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and asked: O Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), is the Prophet of Allah not upon the truth? He said: He is upon the truth. I said: Are we not upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood? He said: It is so. I said: Then why are we showing weakness in our religion? Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), he is the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He will never disobey his Lord, and He will help him. Hold fast to him until death; by Allah! he is upon the truth. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Did he not speak about the tawaf of the House of Allah? Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Did he speak of the tawaf being this very year? I said: No. He said: Then you will come and perform its tawaf. Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I did many good deeds on account of that. When the agreement was completed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to slaughter the sacrificial animals, then he said: "Shave your heads." The narrator says that despite his (peace and blessings be upon him) saying it three times, no one stood up. When no one stood up, he (peace and blessings be upon him) went to Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) and told her of the distress he had met from the people. Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) asked: Do you want that? Then go and slaughter your sacrifice, do not speak to anyone, and have your head shaved. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) did just that: without speaking to anyone, he slaughtered his sacrifice and called the barber and had his head shaved. When they saw this, they slaughtered their sacrificial animals and shaved one another's heads, and in their grief they almost killed one another. Then some believing women came, and upon that Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants" [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10] up to His saying: "the ties of disbelieving women" [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 10]. (Meaning:) O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants, they are not lawful for the disbelievers. The narrator says: On that day Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) divorced two women; one of them was married by Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) and the other by Safwan bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him). Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned to Madinah, and Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) came; he was a Muslim man of Quraysh. Yahya narrates from Abdullah bin al-Mubarak (may Allah have mercy on him) that Abu Basir bin Usayd al-Thaqafi (may Allah be pleased with him) became Muslim and emigrated, so al-Akhnas bin Shariq hired a disbelieving man of Banu Amir bin Lu'ayy along with a slave, and gave them a letter (saying) that they should tell him (peace and blessings be upon him): Fulfil the agreement. So the disbelievers of Makkah sent two men to bring him back, (saying): (Fulfil) the agreement which you have made with us. He (peace and blessings be upon him) handed Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) over to them. They set off with him for Makkah. When they reached Dhu al-Hulayfah, the two men stopped there and began eating dates. Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) said to one of the two men: O so-and-so, by Allah! this sword of yours seems excellent to me. The other drew the sword and said: By Allah! It is excellent; I have tested it. (Abu Basir said:) Just show it to me; I want to look at it. He handed the sword to Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him), and Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) struck him with the sword. When he went cold, the other man fled, reached Madinah and entered the Prophet's Mosque panting. On seeing him, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This man has encountered something frightening." He said hastily: My companion has been killed, and I too will surely be killed. Meanwhile Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) also arrived. Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Allah has fulfilled your obligation; you returned me, then Allah saved me from them. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Woe to his mother! He is a kindler of war, if only he had someone with him." When Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) heard this, he was certain that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would send him back, so he left from there and reached the seashore. Meanwhile Abu Jandal bin Suhayl (may Allah be pleased with him) broke free of his fetters and joined Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him). Then whoever came out of Quraysh of Makkah as a Muslim would join Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him), until a band of them was formed. The narrator said: By Allah! Whenever they heard of a caravan of Quraysh heading towards Syria, they would attack that caravan, put the people of the caravan to death and seize their wealth. So Quraysh, in alarm, sent a message to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), adjuring him by Allah and by the ties of kinship to send word to them (the band of Abu Basir) and call them to Madinah, and that whoever came to him as a Muslim would be safe. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent them word to come to Madinah. Upon that Allah revealed this verse: "And it is He who restrained their hands from you and your hands from them" [Surah al-Fath: 24] up to His saying: "the zealotry of the Era of Ignorance" [Surah al-Fath: 26]: the One who protected you from their hands and them from your hands. Their zealotry was that they did not acknowledge him as a Prophet, did not allow Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim to be written, and barred (them) from the House of Allah. [Sahih. Bukhari: 2734]
