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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: الإمام يكتب كتاب الصلح على الجزية
Chapter: The ruler writes the treaty document on the jizyah
Bayhaqi 18717 — The ruler writes the treaty document on the jizyah
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَخْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْمُطَّوِّعِيُّ، ثنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَيْزَارِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَالْوَلِيدِ بْنِ نُوحٍ، وَالسَّرِيِّ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، يَذْكُرُونَ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ، قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حِينَ صَالَحَ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ: بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، هَذَا كِتَابٌ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ عُمَرَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ نَصَارَى مَدِينَةِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، إِنَّكُمْ لَمَّا قَدِمْتُمْ عَلَيْنَا سَأَلْنَاكُمُ الْأَمَانَ لِأَنْفُسِنَا ⦗٣٤٠⦘ وَذَرَارِيِّنَا وَأَمْوَالِنَا وَأَهْلِ مِلَّتِنَا، وَشَرَطْنَا لَكُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا أَنْ لَا نُحْدِثَ فِي مَدِينَتِنَا وَلَا فِيمَا حَوْلَهَا دَيْرًا وَلَا كَنِيسَةً وَلَا قَلَّايَةً وَلَا صَوْمَعَةَ رَاهِبٍ، وَلَا نُجَدِّدَ مَا خَرِبَ مِنْهَا، وَلَا نُحْيِيَ مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا فِي خُطَطِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَنْ لَا نَمْنَعَ كَنَائِسَنَا أَنْ يَنْزِلَهَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي لَيْلٍ وَلَا نَهَارٍ، وَأَنْ نُوَسِّعَ أَبْوَابَهَا لِلْمَارَّةِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ، وَأَنْ نُنْزِلَ مَنْ مَرَّ بِنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَنُطْعِمَهُمْ، وَأَنْ لَا نُؤَمِّنَ فِي كَنَائِسِنَا وَلَا مَنَازِلِنَا جَاسُوسًا، وَلَا نَكْتُمَ غِشًّا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَا نُعَلِّمَ أَوْلَادَنَا الْقُرْآنَ، وَلَا نُظْهِرَ شِرْكًا وَلَا نَدْعُوَ إِلَيْهِ أَحَدًا، وَلَا نَمْنَعَ أَحَدًا مِنْ قَرَابَتِنَا الدُّخُولَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ إِنْ أَرَادَهُ، وَأَنْ نُوَقِّرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَنْ نَقُومَ لَهُمْ مِنْ مَجَالِسِنَا إِنْ أَرَادُوا جُلُوسًا، وَلَا نَتَشَبَّهَ بِهِمْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ لِبَاسِهِمْ مِنْ قَلَنْسُوَةٍ وَلَا عِمَامَةٍ وَلَا نَعْلَيْنِ وَلَا فَرْقِ شَعَرٍ، وَلَا نَتَكَلَّمَ بِكَلَامِهِمْ، وَلَا نَتَكَنَّى بِكُنَاهُمْ، وَلَا نَرْكَبَ السُّرُوجَ، وَلَا نَتَقَلَّدَ السُّيُوفَ، وَلَا نَتَّخِذَ شَيْئًا مِنَ السِّلَاحِ، وَلَا نَحْمِلَهُ مَعَنَا، وَلَا نَنْقُشَ خَوَاتِيمَنَا بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ، وَلَا نَبِيعَ الْخُمُورَ، وَأَنْ نَجُزَّ مَقَادِيمَ رُءُوسِنَا، وَأَنْ نَلْزَمَ زِيَّنَا حَيْثُ مَا كُنَّا، وَأَنْ نَشُدَّ الزَّنَانِيرَ عَلَى أَوْسَاطِنَا، وَأَنْ لَا نُظْهِرَ صُلُبَنَا وَكُتُبَنَا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَا أَسْوَاقِهِمْ، وَأَنْ لَا نُظْهِرَ الصَّلِيبَ عَلَى كَنَائِسِنَا، وَأَنْ لَا نَضْرِبَ بِنَاقُوسٍ فِي كَنَائِسِنَا بَيْنَ حَضْرَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَنْ لَا نُخْرِجَ سَعَانِينًا وَلَا بَاعُونًا، وَلَا نَرْفَعَ أَصْوَاتَنَا مَعَ أَمْوَاتِنَا، وَلَا نُظْهِرَ النِّيرَانَ مَعَهُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَا نُجَاوِزَهُمْ مَوْتَانَا، وَلَا نَتَّخِذَ مِنَ الرَّقِيقِ مَا جَرَى عَلَيْهِ سِهَامُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَنْ نُرْشِدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَا نَطَّلِعَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا أَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِالْكِتَابِ زَادَ فِيهِ: وَأَنْ لَا نَضْرِبَ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، شَرَطْنَا لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا وَأَهْلِ مِلَّتِنَا وَقَبِلْنَا مِنْهُمُ الْأَمَانَ، فَإِنْ نَحْنُ خَالَفْنَا شَيْئًا مِمَّا شَرَطْنَاهُ لَكُمْ فَضَمِنَّاهُ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا فَلَا ذِمَّةَ لَنَا، وَقَدْ حَلَّ لَكُمْ مَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمُعَانَدَةِ وَالشَّقَاوَةِ.
Abd al-Rahman bin Ghanm (may Allah have mercy on him) says: When the people of Syria made peace, I wrote a letter for Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him): "Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). This is a letter to the Commander of the Faithful, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Christians of such-and-such a city. When you came to us, we asked you for safety for ourselves, our children, our wealth and the people of our religion. And we stipulated that we would not build any place of worship, monastery or monk's cell in our city or around it; nor would we rebuild what has fallen into ruin; nor would we revive any of them that lie within the Muslims' quarters; nor would we prevent any Muslim from staying in our churches at any time of day or night; we would keep our doors wide open for passers-by and travellers; we would host Muslims who pass by us for three days and feed them; we would not shelter any spy in our houses or places of worship, nor conceal any treachery against the Muslims; nor would we teach our children the Qur'an. We would not display polytheism nor invite anyone to it, nor would we prevent any of our relatives from accepting Islam if he wishes. We would honour the Muslims. When they wish to sit in our gatherings, we would rise for them. We would not imitate the Muslims in their dress, caps, turbans, shoes or hair. We would not speak as they speak, nor would we adopt their kunyahs. We would not ride on saddles, nor hang swords on ourselves. We would not take up any weapon, nor carry it with us. We would not engrave Arabic on our seals, nor would we sell wine. We would shave the front of our heads, and we would keep to our own (distinctive) dress wherever we are. We would tie girdles (zunnar) around our waists. We would not display our crosses or our books in the Muslims' markets or roads, nor would we place crosses on our places of worship. We would not strike the clapper-bell (naqus) in our places of worship in the presence of Muslims. We would not hold our festival processions, nor bring out the Ba'uth, nor raise our voices over our dead. We would not carry fire with us along the Muslims' roads. We would not bury our dead near them. Nor would we take slaves on whom the shares of the Muslims have fallen. We would be well-wishers to the Muslims and would not look into their homes." When I brought the letter to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), there was this addition in it: "We will not strike any Muslim. We have made all this binding upon ourselves and the people of our religion for them, and we have accepted safety in return. Then, if we violate any of the conditions we have set, we shall have no covenant of protection, and it will be lawful for you to do with us all that is lawful against people of obstinacy and wretchedness."
