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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: من يؤخذ منه الجزية من أهل الكتاب، وهم اليهود والنصارى
Chapter: Those of the People of the Book, the Jews and Christians, from whom jizyah is taken
Bayhaqi 18631 — Those of the People of the Book, the Jews
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَنْبَارِيُّ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْ جَيْشٍ أَوْصَاهُ بِتَقْوَى اللهِ فِي خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا، قَالَ: " إِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ أَوْ خِلَالٍ، فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ، ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا وَاخْتَارُوا دَارَهُمْ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ مِثْلَ أَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللهِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَجْرِي عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ نَصِيبٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِعْطَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ، وَإِذَا قَاتَلْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللهِ فَلَا تُنْزِلْهُمْ، وَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا يَحْكُمُ اللهُ فِيهِمْ، وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلُوهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكُمْ ثُمَّ اقْضُوا فِيهِمْ بَعْدُ مَا شِئْتُمْ ". ⦗٣١١⦘ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: قَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ: فَذَكَرْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ لِمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُسْلِمٌ هُوَ ابْنُ هَيْصَمٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ.
Sulayman bin Buraydah narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed a commander over a small detachment or a large army, he would advise him to fear Allah in his own affairs and to treat the Muslims with him well, and he would also say: "When you come face to face with your enemies from among the polytheists, invite them to three things; whichever of them they accept, accept it from them and hold back from them. Invite them to Islam; if they accept, do not attack them. Then invite them to leave their land and come to the land of the Hijrah, and tell them that if they come, they will have the rights of the Muhajirun and the same obligations as the Muhajirun will be upon them. If they refuse to move to the land of the Hijrah and choose their own homes, then tell them that their status will be like that of the Bedouin Muslims: the commands of Allah Almighty will apply to them as they apply to the other believers, but they will receive nothing from the spoils of war and the fay' unless they fight in jihad together with the Muslims. If they do not accept this, then demand the jizyah from them. If they agree, take the jizyah from them and say nothing to them; and if they refuse the jizyah, then seek help from Allah and fight against them. When you besiege a fortress and they ask you to let them come down on the judgment of Allah, do not let them come down on it, for you do not know what Allah will judge concerning them; rather, let them come down on your own judgment, and then afterwards decide about them as you wish."
