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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: قتل النساء والصبيان في التبييت والغارة من غير قصد، وما ورد في إباحة التبييت
Chapter: Killing women and children unintentionally in night attacks and raids, and reports permitting night attacks
Bayhaqi 18092 — Killing women and children unintentionally in night
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا بَعَثَ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ " نَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ ". لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ، زَادَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " فَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ يَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هُمْ مِنْهُمْ " إِبَاحَةٌ لِقَتْلِهِمْ، وَأَنَّ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ نَاسِخٌ لَهُ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ الزُّهْرِيُّ إِذَا حَدَّثَ بِحَدِيثِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ أَتْبَعَهُ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَحَدِيثُ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ كَانَ فِي عُمْرَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي عُمْرَتِهِ الْأُولَى فَقَدْ قُتِلَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ قَبْلَهَا وَقِيلَ فِي سَنَتِهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي عُمْرَتِهِ الْآخِرَةِ فَهُوَ بَعْدَ أَمْرِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ غَيْرَ شَكٍّ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ ". قَالَ: " وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْهُ رَخَّصَ فِي قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنْهُ، ⦗١٣٤⦘ وَمَعْنَى نَهْيِهِ عِنْدَنَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ أَنْ يَقْصِدَ قَصْدَهُمْ بِقَتْلٍ وَهُمْ يُعْرَفُونَ مُمَيَّزِينَ مِمَّنْ أُمِرَ بِقَتْلِهِ مِنْهُمْ. قَالَ: وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ هُمْ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَجْمَعُونَ خَصْلَتَيْنِ، أَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ حُكْمُ الْإِيمَانِ الَّذِي يَمْنَعُ الدَّمَ، وَلَا حُكْمُ دَارِ الْإِيمَانِ الَّذِي يَمْنَعُ الْغَارَةَ عَلَى الدَّارِ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ فِي حَدِيثِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي عُمْرَتِهِ ".
Ibn Ka'b bin Malik narrates from his uncle (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) dispatched them to Ibn Abi al-Huqayq, he forbade the killing of women and children.
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sufyan held that the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), "They are from among them," means that killing them is permissible, and that the hadith of Ibn Abi al-Huqayq abrogates it. He said: When al-Zuhri narrated the hadith of al-Sa'b bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him), he would follow it with the hadith of Ibn Ka'b bin Malik.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The hadith of al-Sa'b bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) concerns the Umrah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). If it was his (peace and blessings be upon him) first Umrah, then Ibn Abi al-Huqayq had already been killed before it, and it is also said that it was in the same year; and if it was his (peace and blessings be upon him) last Umrah, then it was after the affair of Ibn Abi al-Huqayq. There is no doubt about this. He said: We do not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the killing after having given a concession for it. Deliberately killing women and children is forbidden. "They are from among them" means: 1. They are not believers, which would make shedding their blood forbidden. 2. They are not under the ruling of safety, which would make raiding forbidden.
Al-Shaykh said: The hadith of al-Sa'b bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) concerns his (peace and blessings be upon him) Umrah.
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sufyan held that the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), "They are from among them," means that killing them is permissible, and that the hadith of Ibn Abi al-Huqayq abrogates it. He said: When al-Zuhri narrated the hadith of al-Sa'b bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him), he would follow it with the hadith of Ibn Ka'b bin Malik.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The hadith of al-Sa'b bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) concerns the Umrah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). If it was his (peace and blessings be upon him) first Umrah, then Ibn Abi al-Huqayq had already been killed before it, and it is also said that it was in the same year; and if it was his (peace and blessings be upon him) last Umrah, then it was after the affair of Ibn Abi al-Huqayq. There is no doubt about this. He said: We do not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the killing after having given a concession for it. Deliberately killing women and children is forbidden. "They are from among them" means: 1. They are not believers, which would make shedding their blood forbidden. 2. They are not under the ruling of safety, which would make raiding forbidden.
Al-Shaykh said: The hadith of al-Sa'b bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) concerns his (peace and blessings be upon him) Umrah.
