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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: ما جاء في الاستعانة بالمشركين
Chapter: Reports on seeking the help of polytheists
Bayhaqi 17877 — Reports on seeking the help of polytheists
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ نِيَارٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، قَالَتْ: لَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قِبَلَ بَدْرٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِحَرَّةِ الْوَبَرَةِ أَدْرَكَهُ رَجُلٌ قَدْ كَانَ يُذْكَرُ مِنْهُ جُرْأَةً وَنَجْدَةً، فَفَرِحَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ رَأَوْهُ، فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَهُ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، جِئْتُ لِأَتِّبِعَكَ وَأُصِيبَ مَعَكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " تُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ؟ ". قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: " فَارْجِعْ؛ فَلَنْ أَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ ". قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَضَى، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ أَدْرَكَهُ الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَمَا قَالَ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، قَالَ: " فَارْجِعْ؛ فَلَنْ أَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ ". قَالَ: ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَأَدْرَكَهُ بِالْبَيْدَاءِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ: " تُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ؟ ". قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فَانْطَلِقْ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ. وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " لَعَلَّهُ رَدَّهُ رَجَاءَ إِسْلَامِهِ، وَذَلِكَ وَاسِعٌ لِلْإِمَامِ، وَقَدْ غَزَا بِيَهُودِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ، وَشَهِدَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ حُنَيْنًا بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ، وَصَفْوَانُ مُشْرِكٌ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: أَمَّا شُهُودُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ مَعَهُ حُنَيْنًا وَصَفْوَانُ مُشْرِكٌ، فَإِنَّهُ مَعْرُوفٌ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي، وَقَدْ مَضَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ، وَأَمَّا غَزْوُهُ بِيَهُودِ قَيْنُقَاعَ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَجِدْهُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ وَهُوَ ⦗٦٤⦘ ضَعِيفٌ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: " اسْتَعَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِيَهُودِ قَيْنُقَاعَ فَرَضَخَ لَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يُسْهِمْ لَهُمْ ".
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out towards Badr, at Harrat al-Wabarah a man met him who was well known for his daring, bravery and courage. The companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) were pleased when they saw him. He came to him and said: I want to be with you. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him: "Do you believe in Allah and His Messenger?" He said: No. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go back, for I will not seek help from a polytheist." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) went on, and when he reached al-Shajarah, the same man met him again and said as he had said the first time. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also said to him as he had said the first time: "Go back, for I will never seek help from a polytheist." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: He went back, then met him (peace and blessings be upon him) at al-Bayda', and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him as the first time: "Do you believe in Allah and His Messenger?" He answered yes, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then come along."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Perhaps the one who was sent back was sent back in the hope that he would accept Islam, and the leader has latitude in this.
After Badr he (peace and blessings be upon him) went on campaign taking the Jews of Banu Qaynuqa' along, and Safwan bin Umayyah took part with him (peace and blessings be upon him) in the battle of Hunayn, which was after the conquest of Makkah, and at that time Safwan bin Umayyah was a polytheist.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Among the scholars of the Maghazi, Safwan bin Umayyah's taking part in the battle while a polytheist is well known, and it has passed earlier; as for his campaigning with Banu Qaynuqa', I have not found it except in the hadith of al-Hasan bin Umarah, and he is da'if (weak). It is narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sought help from the Jews of Banu Qaynuqa' and gave them something from the wealth, but did not fix a share for them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Perhaps the one who was sent back was sent back in the hope that he would accept Islam, and the leader has latitude in this.
After Badr he (peace and blessings be upon him) went on campaign taking the Jews of Banu Qaynuqa' along, and Safwan bin Umayyah took part with him (peace and blessings be upon him) in the battle of Hunayn, which was after the conquest of Makkah, and at that time Safwan bin Umayyah was a polytheist.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Among the scholars of the Maghazi, Safwan bin Umayyah's taking part in the battle while a polytheist is well known, and it has passed earlier; as for his campaigning with Banu Qaynuqa', I have not found it except in the hadith of al-Hasan bin Umarah, and he is da'if (weak). It is narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sought help from the Jews of Banu Qaynuqa' and gave them something from the wealth, but did not fix a share for them.
