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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: ما جاء في نسخ العفو عن المشركين، ونسخ النهي عن القتال حتى يقاتلوا، والنهي عن القتال في الشهر الحرام
Chapter: Reports on the abrogation of pardoning the polytheists, of the ban on fighting them until they attack, and of the ban on fighting in the sacred months
Bayhaqi 17744 — Reports on the abrogation of pardoning
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ هُوَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: " {فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَخُذُوهُمْ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْهُمْ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا، إِلَّا الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ} [النساء: ٩٠] الْآيَةَ، وَقَالَ: {لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ} [الممتحنة: ٨]، الْآيَةَ، ثُمَّ نَسَخَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ: {بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ} [التوبة: ١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ} [التوبة: ٥]، وَأَنْزَلَ {وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً} [التوبة: ٣٦]، قَالَ: {وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا} [الأنفال: ٦١] ثُمَّ نَسْخَ ذَلِكَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: {قَاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ} [التوبة: ٢٩] ".
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that Allah Almighty said: "But if they turn away, then seize them and kill them wherever you find them, and take not from among them any ally or helper, except those who join a people between whom and you there is a treaty" [Surah al-Nisa: 89-90]. And this statement of Allah Almighty: "Allah does not forbid you from those who did not fight you because of religion and did not expel you from your homes" [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 8], that is, Allah Almighty does not forbid you from treating them with kindness and good conduct. Then these verses were abrogated, and Allah Almighty revealed these verses: "Freedom from obligation from Allah and His Messenger to those with whom you made a treaty among the polytheists" [Surah al-Tawbah: 1], up to His statement: "And when the sacred months have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them" [Surah al-Tawbah: 5] - that is, Allah and His Messenger declare their disassociation from the polytheists with whom you made a covenant, up to: when the sacred months have passed, kill the polytheists wherever you find them. And likewise this statement of Allah Almighty was revealed: "And fight the polytheists all together as they fight you all together" [Surah al-Tawbah: 36]. And Allah Almighty said: "And if they incline to peace, then incline to it (you too, peace and blessings be upon him)" [Surah al-Anfal: 61]. This verse was abrogated by this statement of Allah Almighty: "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day, and do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful" [Surah al-Tawbah: 29].
