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Bayhaqi 16804 — The prohibition of fighting in times of division

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي ظَبْيَانَ، ثنا أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَرِيَّةً إِلَى الْحُرَقَاتِ، فَنَذَرُوا وَهَرَبُوا، فَأَدْرَكْنَا رَجُلًا فَلَمَّا غَشِينَاهُ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَضَرَبْنَاهُ حَتَّى قَتَلْنَاهُ، فَعَرَضَ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ، فَذَكَرْتُهُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " مَنْ لَكَ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟ " قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّمَا قَالَهَا مَخَافَةَ السِّلَاحِ وَالْقَتْلِ، قَالَ: " أَفَلَا شَقَقْتَ عَنْ قَلْبِهِ حَتَّى تَعْلَمَ قَالَهَا مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ أَمْ لَا؟ مَنْ لَكَ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟ "، قَالَ: فَمَا زَالَ يَقُولُ حَتَّى وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي لَمْ أُسْلِمْ إِلَّا يَوْمَئِذٍ قَالَ أَبُو ظَبْيَانَ: قَالَ سَعْدٌ: وَأَنَا وَاللهِ لَا أَقْتُلُهُ حَتَّى يَقْتُلَهُ ذُو الْبُطَيْنِ، يَعْنِي أُسَامَةَ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ اللهُ: {قَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ} [البقرة: ١٩٣]؟ قَالَ سَعْدٌ: فَقَدْ قَاتَلْنَاهُمْ حَتَّى لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ، وَأَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ نُقَاتِلَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ.
Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us to al-Huraqat, and those people became frightened and alarmed. We caught a man and he said "La ilaha illallah" (There is no god but Allah), but we killed him. Then something troubled me within myself, so I mentioned it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: "O Usamah! Who will save you from 'La ilaha illallah' on the Day of Resurrection?" I said: O Messenger of Allah, he only said it out of fear of the weapons. He said: "Did you split open his heart (to see)? Who will save you from this very 'La ilaha illallah'?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) kept on saying this until I wished that I had become a Muslim only that day.
Abu Zabyan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah, I will not kill (anyone who says La ilaha illallah) until Dhu al-Butayn, meaning Usamah, kills him. A man said: Has Allah not said: "And fight them until there is no fitnah" [Surah al-Baqarah: 193]? Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We fought until the fitnah ended, and no fitnah remained; but you and your companions want there to be fitnah.
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب قتال أهل البغي / 16804
Hadith Grading محدثین: صحيح
Hadith Takhrij «صحيح»