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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قتال أهل البغي
Book of Fighting the Rebels
باب: الخلاف في قتال أهل البغي
Chapter: The disagreement on fighting rebels
Bayhaqi 16784 — The disagreement on fighting rebels
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، ثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَنْبَأَ هِشَامٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ لِأَهْلِ النَّهْرِ: فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ مُخْدَجُ الْيَدِ، أَوْ مُودَنُ الْيَدِ، أَوْ مَثْدُونُ الْيَدِ، لَوْلَا أَنْ تَبْطَرُوا لَأَنْبَأْتُكُمْ مَا قَضَى الله عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ، قَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ: فَقُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ، نَعَمْ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ، ثَلَاثًا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الْقَدِْيمِ: وَأَنْكَرَ قَوْمٌ قِتَالَ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ، وَقَالُوا: أَهْلُ الْبَغْيِ هُمْ أَهْلُ الْكُفْرِ، وَلَيْسُوا بِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ قِتَالُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِثَلَاثَةٍ: الْمُرْتَدُّ بَعْدَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَالزَّانِي بَعْدَ الْإِحْصَانِ، وَالْقَاتِلُ فَيُقْتَلُ "، فَقَالُوا: حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الدِّمَاءَ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْجِهَةِ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ الدَّمُ إِلَّا بِهَا، وَقِتَالُ الْمُسْلِمِ كَقَتْلِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْقِتَالَ يَصِيرُ إِلَى الْقَتْلِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يُقَالُ لَهُمْ: أَمَرَ اللهُ بِقِتَالِ الْفِئَةِ الْبَاغِيَةِ، وَأَمَر بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَلَيْسَ الْقِتَالُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ بِسَبِيلٍ، قَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَحِلَّ قِتَالُ الْمُسْلِمِ وَلَا يَحِلَّ قَتْلُه، ُ كَمَا يَحِلُّ جَرْحُهُ وَضَرْبُهُ وَلَا يَحِلُّ قَتْلُهُ، ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: مَعَ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يُنْكِرُوا عَلَى عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قِتَالَهُ الْخَوَارِجَ، وَأَنْكَرُوا قِتَالَهُ أَهْلَ الْبَصْرَةِ وَأَهْلَ الشَّامِ وَكَرِهُوَا، وَلَمْ يَكْرَهُوا صَنِيعَهُ بِالْخَوَارِجِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ بَعْضَ الصَّحَابَةِ لِمَا كَانُوا يَكْرَهُونَ مِنَ الْقِتَالِ فِي الْفُرْقَةِ، فَأَمَّا الْخَوَارِجُ فَلَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ كَرِهَ قَوْلَهُ إِيَّاهُمْ.
Ubaydah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning the people of al-Nahr that he said: Among them there will be a man with a defective hand, on whose hand flesh will hang like a breast. Were it not that I fear you would become overjoyed (beyond bounds), I would tell you what (rank) the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has stated for those who fight them. Ubaydah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Did you hear this from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)? He swore three times "By the Lord of the Ka'bah" and said: Yes.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A group has denied (the legitimacy of) fighting rebels. They say: Rebels are people of disbelief and not Muslims, and fighting Muslims is not permissible, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The blood of a Muslim is not lawful except for three reasons: the apostate, the married adulterer and the killer." Apart from these, killing a Muslim in every other way is forbidden; therefore fighting them is also impermissible, because it would lead to killing them. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Their answer is that Allah Almighty and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) have commanded fighting the rebellious group, and fighting is not the same as killing; it may be permissible to fight a Muslim while it is not permissible to kill him, just as it is permissible to wound and strike him while it is not permissible to kill him.
Then he continued his discussion until he said: Moreover, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not object to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) fighting the Khawarij; they objected to his fighting the people of Basrah and the people of Syria and disliked it, but they did not dislike what he did with the Khawarij.
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is how Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Baghdadi narrated it from al-Shafi'i, and by it he meant some of the Companions, because they disliked fighting during the division. As for the Khawarij, we know of no one among them (the Companions) who disliked his stance towards them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A group has denied (the legitimacy of) fighting rebels. They say: Rebels are people of disbelief and not Muslims, and fighting Muslims is not permissible, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The blood of a Muslim is not lawful except for three reasons: the apostate, the married adulterer and the killer." Apart from these, killing a Muslim in every other way is forbidden; therefore fighting them is also impermissible, because it would lead to killing them. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Their answer is that Allah Almighty and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) have commanded fighting the rebellious group, and fighting is not the same as killing; it may be permissible to fight a Muslim while it is not permissible to kill him, just as it is permissible to wound and strike him while it is not permissible to kill him.
Then he continued his discussion until he said: Moreover, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not object to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) fighting the Khawarij; they objected to his fighting the people of Basrah and the people of Syria and disliked it, but they did not dislike what he did with the Khawarij.
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is how Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Baghdadi narrated it from al-Shafi'i, and by it he meant some of the Companions, because they disliked fighting during the division. As for the Khawarij, we know of no one among them (the Companions) who disliked his stance towards them.
