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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قتال أهل البغي
Book of Fighting the Rebels
باب: ما جاء في قتال الضرب الثاني من أهل الردة بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
Chapter: Reports on fighting the second category of apostates after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)
Bayhaqi 16736 — Reports on fighting the second category of apostates
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَنْبَأَ سَعِيدٌ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {يَا آَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَنْ يَرْتَدَّ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي اللهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ} الْآيَةِ كُلِّهَا، قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ اللهُ أَنَّهُ سَيَرْتَدُّ مُرْتَدُّونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا قَبَضَ اللهُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ارْتَدَّ النَّاسُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةَ مَسَاجِدَ، أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَهْلَ مَكَّةَ، وَأَهْلَ جَوَاثَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ، وَقَالَتِ الْعَرَبُ: أَمَا الصَّلَاةُ فَنُصَلِّي، وَأَمَّا الزَّكَاةُ فَوَاللهِ لَا نُغْصَبُ أَمْوَالَنَا، فَكُلِّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَتَجَاوَزَ عَنْهُمْ، وَتُخْلَى عَنْهُمْ، وَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّهُمْ لَوْ قَدْ فَقِهُوَا لَأَعْطُوا الزَّكَاةَ طَائِعِينَ، فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: وَاللهِ لَا أُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ شَيْءٍ جَمَعَ اللهُ بَيْنَهُ، وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا مِمَّا فَرَضَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَبَعَثَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ عَصَائِبَ فَقَاتَلُوا عَلَى مَا قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، حَتَّى أَقَرُّوا بِالْمَاعُونِ، وَهِيَ الزَّكَاةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ وَفْدَ الْعَرَبِ قَدِمُوا عَلَيْهِ فَخَيَّرَهُمْ بَيْنَ خُطَّةٍ مُخْزِيَةٍ أَوْ حَرْبٍ مُجْلِيَةٍ، فَاخْتَارُوا الْخُطَّةَ، وَكَانَتْ أَهْوَنَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَشْهَدُوا أَنَّ قَتْلَاهُمْ فِي النَّارِ وَقَتْلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَمَا أَصَابَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَهُوَ حَلَالٌ، وَمَا أَصَابُوا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ رَدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِمْ.
Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: When this saying of Allah Almighty was revealed: "O you who believe, whoever of you turns back from his religion" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 54], it became known that some people would apostatise. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, people apostatised, except for (the people of) three places — "mosques": the people of Madinah, the people of Makkah, and the people of Juwatha in Bahrain, of Banu Abd al-Qays. The Arabs said: As for prayer, we will pray; but as for zakah, by Allah, we will not let our wealth be taken from us by force. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was urged to overlook them and leave them alone, and it was said to him: If they come to understand, they will give zakah willingly. But Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused and said: By Allah, I will not separate anything that Allah has joined together; and by Allah, if they withhold from me even a young goat of what Allah and His Messenger have made obligatory, I will fight them over it. So Allah sent bands (of men) against them who fought over what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had fought over, until they affirmed al-ma'un, which is the obligatory zakah. Then the delegations of the Arabs came to him, and he gave them the choice between a humiliating settlement or a war of expulsion. They chose the settlement, and it was easier for them: that they bear witness that their slain are in the Fire and the slain of the Muslims are in Paradise, that whatever of their wealth the Muslims had taken is lawful, and that whatever they had taken from the Muslims they would return to them.
