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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قتال أهل البغي
Book of Fighting the Rebels
باب: ما جاء في قتال الضرب الثاني من أهل الردة بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
Chapter: Reports on fighting the second category of apostates after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)
Bayhaqi 16730 — Reports on fighting the second category of apostates
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَهُمْ قَوْمٌ تَمَسَّكُوا بِالْإِسْلَامِ، وَمَنَعُوا الصَّدَقَاتِ، وَاحْتَجَّ فِي ذَلِكَ بِقِصَّةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And these are people who held firm to Islam but refused (to pay) zakah."
And he cited as evidence for this the incident of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both).
And he cited as evidence for this the incident of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ⦗٣٠٦⦘ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، ثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَعْدَهُ، وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: كَيْفَ نُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَمَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ، وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ "، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: وَاللهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ، فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ، وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ، قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: After the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) became caliph, some of the Arab tribes disbelieved. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): How will you fight them, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has said: "I have been commanded to fight people until they say the testimony 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god worthy of worship except Allah); when they affirm it, they have protected their wealth and their lives from me, except by its right, and their reckoning is with Allah"? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: "By Allah, I will certainly fight whoever makes a distinction between prayer and zakah, for zakah is the right due on wealth. By Allah, if they used to give the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) even a hobbling rope ('iqal) in zakah and now refuse it, I will certainly fight them." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: By Allah, it was nothing other than that I saw that Allah had opened the chest of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to fighting, and so I knew that it was the truth.
