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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسامة
Book of Qasamah
باب: ما جاء في القتل بالقسامة
Chapter: Reports on retaliation by qasamah
Bayhaqi 16459 — Reports on retaliation by qasamah
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الرَّفَّاءُ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ بِخُسْرَوْجِرْدَ، أنبأ أَبُو عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، وَعِيسَى بْنُ مِينَا، قَالَا: ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ، قَالَ: كَانَ مَنْ أَدْرَكْتُ مِنْ فُقَهَائِنَا الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ، يَعْنِي مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، يَقُولُونَ: يَبْدَأُ بِالْيَمِينِ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ الَّذِينَ يَجِيئُونَ مِنَ الشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى اللَّطْخِ، وَالشُّبْهَةِ الْخَفِيَّةِ مَا لَا يَجِيءُ خُصَمَاؤُهُمْ، وَحَيْثُ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ لَهُمْ قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي خَارِجَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَتَلَ وَهُوَ سَكْرَانُ رَجُلًا ضَرَبَهُ بِشَوْبَقٍ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قَاطِعَةٌ، إِلَّا لَطْخٌ أَوْ شَبِيهُ ذَلِكَ، وَفِي النَّاسِ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمِنْ فُقَهَاءِ النَّاسِ مَا لَا يُحْصَى، وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ اثْنَانِ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ وُلَاةُ الْمَقْتُولِ وَيَقْتُلُوا أَوْ يَسْتَحْيُوا، فَحَلَفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَقَتَلُوا، وَكَانُوا يُخْبِرُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالْقَسَامَةِ، وَيَرَوْنَهَا لِلَّذِي يَأْتِي بِهِ مِنَ اللَّطْخِ وَالشُّبْهَةِ أَقْوَى مِمَّا يَأْتِي بِهِ خَصْمُهُ، وَرَأَوْا ذَلِكَ فِي الصُّهَيْبِيِّ حِينَ قَتَلَهُ الْحَاطِبِيُّونَ وَفِي غَيْرِهِ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، إِنْ كَانَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا لَهُ حَقًّا أَنْ يُحْلِفَنَا عَلَى الْقَاتِلِ ثُمَّ يُسَلَّمَ إِلَيْنَا.
Abu al-Zinad reports from the senior jurists of Madinah that in qasamah the oath is first taken from those who bring accusation, suspicion and testimony, not from those who are their opponents, because the qasamah is for them.
Abu al-Zinad said: Kharijah bin Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah have mercy on him) told me that a man of the Ansar killed another while he was drunk. There was no evidence of this, only accusation and suspicion. Among the people at that time were the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) and many jurists, and not even two of them differed that the oath would be taken by the heirs of the slain man. They swore and had him killed, and they all used to report that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also judged by qasamah, and they regarded those with accusation and suspicion as stronger than the others.
There is another narration from Abu al-Zinad that Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Sa'id bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) what we have mentioned: if it is true, we will have the oath taken against the killer; then send him to us.
Abu al-Zinad said: Kharijah bin Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah have mercy on him) told me that a man of the Ansar killed another while he was drunk. There was no evidence of this, only accusation and suspicion. Among the people at that time were the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) and many jurists, and not even two of them differed that the oath would be taken by the heirs of the slain man. They swore and had him killed, and they all used to report that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also judged by qasamah, and they regarded those with accusation and suspicion as stronger than the others.
There is another narration from Abu al-Zinad that Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote to Sayyiduna Sa'id bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) what we have mentioned: if it is true, we will have the oath taken against the killer; then send him to us.
