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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
باب: من قال: هي أخماس، وجعل أحد أخماسها بني المخاض دون بني اللبون
Chapter: Those who said: They are in five categories, making one fifth of them one-year-old male camels instead of two-year-old ones
Bayhaqi 16158 — Those who said: They are in five categories, making
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ سُلَيْمَانُ التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ، فِي دِيَةِ الْخَطَأِ أَخْمَاسٌ: خُمُسٌ بَنُو مَخَاضٍ، وَخُمُسٌ بَنَاتُ مَخَاضٍ، وَخُمُسٌ بَنَاتُ لَبُونٍ، وَخُمُسٌ حِقَاقٌ، وَخُمُسٌ جِذَاعٌ هَذَا هُوَ الْمَعْرُوفُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ بِهَذِهِ الْأَسَانِيدِ وَقَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُ حُفَّاظِنَا، وَهُوَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ هَذِهِ الْأَسَانِيدَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَجَعَلَ مَكَانَ بَنِي الْمَخَاضِ، بَنِي اللَّبُونِ، وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ مِنْهُ وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ أَيْضًا فِي كِتَابِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَهُوَ إِمَامٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ وَكِيعٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بِإِسْنَادَيْهِ، كَذَلِكَ بَنِي لَبُونٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مِجْلَزٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، كَذَلِكَ بَنِي لَبُونٍ وَرَوَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ ⦗١٣٢⦘ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: بَنِي مَخَاضٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَا رَوَيَاهُ مَحْفُوظًا فَهُوَ الَّذِي نَمِيلُ إِلَيْهِ، وَصَارَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مُتَعَارِضَةً، وَمَذْهَبُ عَبْدِ اللهِ مَشْهُورٌ فِي بَنِي الْمَخَاضِ، وَقَدِ اخْتَارَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ فِي هَذَا مَذْهَبَهُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِأَنَّ الشَّافِعِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ إِنَّمَا صَارَ إِلَى قَوْلِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي دِيَةِ الْخَطَأِ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّاسَ قَدِ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهَا، وَالسُّنَّةُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَرَدَتْ مُطْلَقَةً بِمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ غَيْرَ مُفَسَّرَةٍ، وَاسْمُ الْإِبِلِ يَتَنَاوَلُ الصِّغَارَ وَالْكِبَارَ، فَأَلْزَمَ الْقَاتِلَ أَقَلَّ مَا قَالُوا إِنَّهُ يَلْزَمُهُ، فَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ قَوْلُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَقَلَّ مَا قِيلَ فِيهَا، وَكَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ قَوْلُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَوَجَدْنَا قَوْلَ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَقَلَّ مَا قِيلَ فِيهَا؛ لِأَنَّ بَنِي الْمَخَاضِ أَقَلُّ مِنْ بَنِي اللَّبُونِ، وَاسْمُ الْإِبِلِ يَتَنَاوَلُهُ، فَكَانَ هُوَ الْوَاجِبَ دُونَ مَا زَادَ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ صَحَابِيٍّ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ حَدِيثُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَرْفُوعًا، وَلَا يَصِحُّ رَفْعُهُ.
Five categories are reported from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) for the diyah of accidental killing: one fifth banu makhad, one fifth banat makhad, one fifth banat labun, one fifth hiqqahs and one fifth jadha'ahs.
This is what is well known from Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) with these chains. Imam al-Daraqutni (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated these same chains from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), putting the words "bani labun" in place of "bani makhad"; this is his mistake. I have also seen it in the book of Imam Ibn Khuzaymah (may Allah have mercy on him), in a narration he transmits from Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him), with the words "bani labun" as well; but Alqamah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates the words "bani makhad" from Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him). So the narrations on this are now conflicting, but according to the well-known view, "bani makhad" is what is established from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him). Abu Bakr Ibn al-Mundhir (may Allah have mercy on him) chose his view in this matter, and argued that Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) adopted the position of the people of Madinah on the diyah of accidental killing only because people differed about it, while the Sunnah from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came unqualified as 100 camels, without describing them, and the word "camels" includes young and old; so he obliged the killer with the least that had been said to be binding on him, and in his view the position of the people of Madinah was the least that had been said, as though the view of Abdullah bin Mas'ud had not reached him. We found the view of Abdullah to be the least that has been said, because banu makhad are younger than banu labun and the word "camels" includes them; so that is what is obligatory and nothing beyond it, and it is the view of a Companion, so it is more worthy than others. And success is from Allah.
The hadith of Ibn Mas'ud has also been narrated through another chain as marfu' (attributed to the Prophet), but its being marfu' is not authentic.
This is what is well known from Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) with these chains. Imam al-Daraqutni (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated these same chains from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), putting the words "bani labun" in place of "bani makhad"; this is his mistake. I have also seen it in the book of Imam Ibn Khuzaymah (may Allah have mercy on him), in a narration he transmits from Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him), with the words "bani labun" as well; but Alqamah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates the words "bani makhad" from Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him). So the narrations on this are now conflicting, but according to the well-known view, "bani makhad" is what is established from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him). Abu Bakr Ibn al-Mundhir (may Allah have mercy on him) chose his view in this matter, and argued that Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) adopted the position of the people of Madinah on the diyah of accidental killing only because people differed about it, while the Sunnah from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came unqualified as 100 camels, without describing them, and the word "camels" includes young and old; so he obliged the killer with the least that had been said to be binding on him, and in his view the position of the people of Madinah was the least that had been said, as though the view of Abdullah bin Mas'ud had not reached him. We found the view of Abdullah to be the least that has been said, because banu makhad are younger than banu labun and the word "camels" includes them; so that is what is obligatory and nothing beyond it, and it is the view of a Companion, so it is more worthy than others. And success is from Allah.
The hadith of Ibn Mas'ud has also been narrated through another chain as marfu' (attributed to the Prophet), but its being marfu' is not authentic.
