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Bayhaqi 15890 — Retaliation is due on the killer and no one else

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا شَيْبَانُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى} [البقرة: ١٧٨]، قَالَ: كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فِيهِمْ بَغْيٌ ⦗٤٨⦘ وَطَاعَةٌ لِلشَّيْطَانِ، فَكَانَ الْحِيُّ فِيهِمْ إِذَا كَانَ فِيهِمْ عَدَدٌ وَعُدَّةٌ، فَقُتِلَ لَهُمْ عَبْدٌ قَتَلَهُ عَبْدُ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: لَا نَقْتُلُ بِهِ إِلَّا حُرًّا تَعَزُّزًا وَتَفَضُّلًا عَلَى غَيْرِهِمْ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ، وَإِذَا قُتِلَتْ لَهُمْ أُنْثَى قَتَلَتْهَا امْرَأَةٌ قَالُوا: لَنْ نَقْتُلَ بِهَا إِلَّا رَجُلًا. فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ يُخْبِرُهُمْ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالْحُرَّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْأُنْثَى بِالْأُنْثَى، وَنَهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْبَغْيِ، ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ سُورَةَ الْمَائِدَةِ، فَقَالَ: {وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالْأَنْفَ بِالْأَنْفِ وَالْأُذُنَ بِالْأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ} [المائدة: ٤٥].
Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning this saying of Allah Almighty: "O you who believe! Retaliation has been prescribed for you in the case of those killed: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female" [Surah al-Baqarah: 178]: Among the people of the Jahiliyyah there was transgression and obedience to Satan. If a tribe among them had numbers and strength, and a slave of theirs was killed by the slave of another tribe, they would say: We will kill none but a free man in his place; and if a woman of theirs was killed by a woman, they would say: We will kill none but a man in her place. They considered themselves superior to others. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse, that a slave is to be killed for a slave, a free man for a free man and a woman for a woman; so abandon the wrong that you do. Then Allah Almighty revealed the verse of Surah al-Ma'idah: "And We prescribed for them therein: a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds retaliation." [Surah al-Ma'idah: 45].
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15890
Hadith Grading محدثین: حسن
Hadith Takhrij «حسن»