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Bayhaqi 15889 — Retaliation is due on the killer and no one else

وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، أَنَّ النَّاسَ، فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ رَجُلًا لَمْ يَرْضَوْا حَتَّى يَقْتُلُوا بِهِ رَجُلًا شَرِيفًا، إِذَا كَانَ قَاتِلُهُمْ غَيْرَ شَرِيفٍ لَمْ يَقْتُلُوا قَاتِلَهُمْ وَقَتَلُوا غَيْرَهُ، فَوُعِظُوا فِي ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُورًا} [الإسراء: ٣٣]. وَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ: السَّرَفُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى} [البقرة: ١٧٨] الْآيَةَ.
Zayd bin Aslam (may Allah have mercy on him) said: In the Jahiliyyah, when a man of a tribe killed someone, (the slain man's people) would not be satisfied until they killed a noble man in his place; if the killer was not noble, they would not kill him but would kill someone else instead. So Allah Almighty revealed this verse as an admonition: "And do not kill the soul which Allah has made sacred, except by right. And whoever is killed unjustly, We have certainly given his heir authority, so let him not exceed limits in killing. Indeed, he has been supported." [Surah al-Isra': 33]. Zayd bin Aslam (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 'Israf fi al-qatl' (excess in killing) means that someone other than the killer should not be killed in his place. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Allah Almighty said: "Retaliation has been prescribed for you in the case of those killed." [Surah al-Baqarah: 178]
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 15889
Hadith Grading محدثین: صحيح
Hadith Takhrij «صحيح»