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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب العدد
Book of Waiting Periods
باب: من قال: لا سكنى للمتوفى عنها زوجها
Chapter: Those who said: A widow has no right of residence
Bayhaqi 15507 — Those who said: A widow has no right of residence
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ نا أَبُو سَهْلٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوْحٍ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ، نا شَبَابَةُ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، {وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا} [البقرة: ٢٣٤] قَالَ: " كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْعِدَّةُ تَعْتَدُّ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ زَوْجِهَا وَاجِبٌ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا " فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ} قَالَ: " جَعَلَ اللهُ لَهَا تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً وَصِيَّةً إِنْ شَاءَتْ سَكَنَتْ فِي وَصِيَّتِهَا، وَإِنْ شَاءَتْ خَرَجَتْ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ} فِي الْعِدَّةِ كَمَا هِيَ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَيْهَا، زَعَمَ ذَلِكَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَقَالَ عَطَاءُ عنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا ثُمَّ نَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عِدَّتَهَا فِي أَهْلِهِ تَعْتَدُّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ} [البقرة: ٢٤٠] قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: إِنْ شَاءَتِ اعْتَدَّتْ فِي أَهْلِهِ أَوْ سَكَنَتْ فِي وَصِيَّتِهَا وَإِنْ شَاءَتْ خَرَجَتْ لِقَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ} قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْمِيرَاثُ فَنَسَخَ السُّكْنَى فَتَعْتَدُّ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ وَلَا سُكْنَى لَهَا ⦗٧١٦⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ رَوْحٍ عَنْ شِبْلٍ وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ وَرْقَاءَ.
Ibn Abi Najih narrates from Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him): 'And those of you who die and leave wives behind, they (the wives) shall wait (concerning themselves) for four months and ten days' [Surah al-Baqarah: 234], that is, they shall observe the 'iddah.
Allah Almighty said: 'And those of you who die and leave wives behind should bequeath for their wives provision for a year without turning them out; but if they leave, there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in a recognised manner' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240].
"And those of you who die and leave wives behind should bequeath for their wives a year's maintenance, (directing) that they not be turned out; if they leave of their own accord, there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in a recognised manner."
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah Almighty appointed for her a bequest of nine months and twenty nights; if she wishes, she may stay in the place of her bequest, and if she wishes, she may leave, and that is this saying of Allah Almighty: 'But if they leave, there is no blame upon you for what they do' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240]. This concerns the 'iddah as it is obligatory upon her; this is what Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) held.
Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) said that it is narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him): Then this verse, 'without turning them out', abrogated her spending the 'iddah with his family; she may spend the 'iddah wherever she wishes. Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If she wishes, she may spend the 'iddah with his family or in the place of her bequest, and if she wishes she may leave, that is, from her husband's family, taking as evidence this saying of Allah Almighty: 'But if they leave, there is no blame upon you' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240] to the end of the verse.
Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then (the verses of) inheritance came and abrogated the residence; she may spend the 'iddah wherever she wishes, and she has no (right to) residence. Bukhari narrated it.
Allah Almighty said: 'And those of you who die and leave wives behind should bequeath for their wives provision for a year without turning them out; but if they leave, there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in a recognised manner' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240].
"And those of you who die and leave wives behind should bequeath for their wives a year's maintenance, (directing) that they not be turned out; if they leave of their own accord, there is no blame upon you for what they do with themselves in a recognised manner."
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Allah Almighty appointed for her a bequest of nine months and twenty nights; if she wishes, she may stay in the place of her bequest, and if she wishes, she may leave, and that is this saying of Allah Almighty: 'But if they leave, there is no blame upon you for what they do' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240]. This concerns the 'iddah as it is obligatory upon her; this is what Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) held.
Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) said that it is narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him): Then this verse, 'without turning them out', abrogated her spending the 'iddah with his family; she may spend the 'iddah wherever she wishes. Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If she wishes, she may spend the 'iddah with his family or in the place of her bequest, and if she wishes she may leave, that is, from her husband's family, taking as evidence this saying of Allah Almighty: 'But if they leave, there is no blame upon you' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240] to the end of the verse.
Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then (the verses of) inheritance came and abrogated the residence; she may spend the 'iddah wherever she wishes, and she has no (right to) residence. Bukhari narrated it.
