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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب اللعان
Book of Lian
باب: الزوج يقذف امرأته فيخرج من موجب قذفه بأن يأتي بأربعة شهود يشهدون عليها الزنا أو يلتعن
Chapter: The husband who accuses his wife of fornication escapes the consequence of his accusation by bringing four witnesses who testify to her fornication, or by invoking mutual cursing
Bayhaqi 15292 — The husband who accuses his wife of fornication
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ أنا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيَّ، نا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، نا عَبَّادُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، نا عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ} [النور: ٤] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ فَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ: أَهَكَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ فَلَوْ وَجَدْتُ لَكَاعًا مُتَفَخِّذُهَا رَجُلٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي أَنْ أُحَرِّكَهُ وَلَا أَهِيجَهُ حَتَّى آتِيَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ، فَوَاللهِ لَا آتِي بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ حَاجَتَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَلَا تَسْمَعُونَ مَا يَقُولُ سَيِّدِكُمْ؟ " قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَا تَلُمْهُ فَإِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ غَيُورٌ وَاللهِ مَا تَزَوَّجَ فِينَا قَطُّ إِلَّا عَذْرَاءَ وَلَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَةً لَهُ فَاجْتَرَأَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْ شِدَّةِ غَيْرَتِهِ، قَالَ سَعْدٌ: وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنَّهَا لَحَقٌّ وَأَنَّهَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ وَلَكِنِّي عَجِبْتُ، فَبَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَ هِلَالُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الْوَاقِفِيُّ وَهُوَ أَحَدُ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ تَابَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي جِئْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ عِشَاءً مِنْ حَائِطٍ لِي كُنْتُ فِيهِ فَرَأَيْتُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِي رَجُلًا وَرَأَيْتُ بِعَيْنِيَّ وَسَمِعْتُ بِأُذُنِيَّ، فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ وَقِيلَ أَيُجْلَدُ هِلَالٌ وَتُبْطَلُ شَهَادَتُهُ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ؟ فَقَالَ هِلَالٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَرَى فِي وَجْهِكَ أَنَّكَ تَكْرَهُ مَا جِئْتُ بِهِ، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَجْعَلَ اللهُ لِي فَرَجًا قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْيُ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وآله وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْيُ تَرَبَّدَ لِذَلِكَ خَدُّهُ وَوَجْهُهُ وَأَمْسَكَ عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُهُ فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ، فَلَمَّا رُفِعَ الْوَحْيُ قَالَ: أَبْشِرْ يَا هِلَالُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " ادْعُوهَا " فَدُعِيَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمَا كَاذِبٌ فَهَلْ مِنْكُمَا تَائِبٌ؟ " فَقَالَ هِلَالٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: وَاللهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا قُلْتُ إِلَّا حَقًّا وَلَقَدْ صَدَقْتُ، قَالَ: فَقَالَتْ هِيَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: كَذَبَ، قَالَ: فَقِيلَ لِهِلَالٍ: تَشْهَدُ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللهِ أَنَّكَ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ، وَقِيلَ لَهُ عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ يَا هِلَالُ اتَّقِ اللهَ فَإِنَّ عَذَابَ الدُّنْيَا أَهْوَنُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْآخِرَةِ وَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمُوجِبَةُ الَّتِي تُوجِبُ عَلَيْكَ الْعَذَابَ، فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ لَا يُعَذِّبُنِي اللهُ أَبَدًا كَمَا لَمْ يَجْلِدْنِي عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ: فَشَهِدَ الْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ لَعْنَةَ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ وَقِيلَ: اشْهَدِي أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللهِ أَنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ وَقِيلَ لَهَا عِنْدَ الْخَامِسَةِ: يَا هَذِهِ اتَّقِي اللهَ فَإِنَّ عَذَابَ اللهِ أَشَدُّ مِنْ عَذَابِ النَّاسِ وَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمُوجِبَةُ الَّتِي تُوجِبُ عَلَيْكِ الْعَذَابَ، فَسَكَتَتْ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: وَاللهِ لَا أَفْضَحُ قَوْمِي فَشَهِدَتِ الْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ، قَالَ: وَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " أَنْ لَا تُرْمَى وَلَا يُرْمَى وَلَدُهَا وَمَنْ رَمَاهَا أَوْ رَمَى وَلَدَهَا جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ وَلَيْسَ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ قُوتٌ وَلَا سُكْنَى " ⦗٦٤٨⦘ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمَا يَتَفَرَّقَانِ بِغَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ وَلَا مُتَوَفًّى عَنْهَا " فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " انْظُرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُثَيْبِجَ أُصَيْهِبَ أُرَيْسِحَ حَمْشَ السَّاقَيْنِ فَهُوَ لِهِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ سَابِغَ الْإِلْيَتَيْنِ أَوْرَقَ جَعْدًا جُمَالِيًّا فَهُوَ لِصَاحِبِهِ "، قَالَ: فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ أَوْرَقَ جَعْدًا جُمَالِيًّا خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ سَابِغَ الْإِلْيَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَوْلَا الْأَيْمَانُ لَكَانَ لِي وَلَهَا أَمْرٌ " قَالَ عَبَّادٌ: فَسَمِعْتُ عِكْرِمَةَ يَقُولُ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ أَمِيرَ مِصْرٍ مِنَ الْأَمْصَارِ وَلَا يُدْرَى مَنْ أَبُوهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that when this verse was revealed: "And those who accuse chaste women and then do not bring four witnesses" [Surah al-Nur: 4], Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Is this how it was revealed? If I were to find a wanton woman with a man lying between her thighs, I would have no right to move him or disturb him until I bring four witnesses? By Allah, I would not bring four witnesses before he had finished his need.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O company of the Ansar! Do you hear what your chief is saying?" They said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Do not blame him; he is a very jealous man. By Allah! He has only ever married virgins, and whenever he divorced a wife of his, no man among us dared to marry her because of the intensity of his jealousy. Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah, O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I know that it is the truth and that it is from Allah, but I was surprised. While the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in this state, Sayyiduna Hilal bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) suddenly came; he was one of the three people whose repentance Allah accepted. He said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Last night, in the evening, I came (home) from my garden and saw a man with my wife; I saw with my own eyes and heard with my own ears. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked what he said, and it was said: Will Hilal be lashed and his testimony be rejected among the Muslims? Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I can see displeasure in your face because of what I have said, and I hope that Allah will make a way out for me. The narrator says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in this state when revelation came down. Whenever revelation came down upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the colour of his cheeks and face would change, and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) would refrain from speaking. When the revelation was complete, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Hilal! Rejoice." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Call this woman." His wife was called, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah knows that one of you is lying; so is one of you ready to repent?" Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I have spoken the truth. The narrator says: His wife said: He has lied before you. Then Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) was told: Testify four times that you are of the truthful. At the fifth testimony Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) was told: Fear Allah; the punishment of this world is lighter than the punishment of the Hereafter, and the fifth testimony is what makes the punishment of Allah binding. Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! Allah will never punish me, just as He did not have me lashed. The narrator says: He completed the fifth testimony, saying that the curse of Allah be upon him if he is of the liars. Then his wife was told: Give four testimonies that he is a liar. At the fifth testimony she was told: Fear Allah; the punishment of Allah is more severe than the punishment of people, and this fifth testimony is what makes the punishment binding upon you. She remained silent for a while, then said: By Allah! I cannot disgrace my people. She gave the fifth testimony that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he is of the truthful. The narrator says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that neither the woman nor her child is to be accused, that whoever accuses the woman or her child is to receive the prescribed punishment, and that the man owes her neither food nor housing, because they are separated without a divorce and without the husband having died. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Watch her; if she gives birth to a child with heavy buttocks, a brownish complexion and thin shins, it is Hilal bin Umayyah's. If she gives birth to a child with thick shins, heavy buttocks, a dusky complexion and curly hair, it is Sharik bin Sahma's."
The narrator says: She gave birth to a child with a dusky complexion, curly hair, thick shins and heavy buttocks, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Had the oaths not already taken place, I would have dealt with this woman."
Abbad says: I heard Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) say that he became a governor of cities, yet his father was not known.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O company of the Ansar! Do you hear what your chief is saying?" They said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Do not blame him; he is a very jealous man. By Allah! He has only ever married virgins, and whenever he divorced a wife of his, no man among us dared to marry her because of the intensity of his jealousy. Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah, O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I know that it is the truth and that it is from Allah, but I was surprised. While the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in this state, Sayyiduna Hilal bin Umayyah (may Allah be pleased with him) suddenly came; he was one of the three people whose repentance Allah accepted. He said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Last night, in the evening, I came (home) from my garden and saw a man with my wife; I saw with my own eyes and heard with my own ears. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked what he said, and it was said: Will Hilal be lashed and his testimony be rejected among the Muslims? Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I can see displeasure in your face because of what I have said, and I hope that Allah will make a way out for me. The narrator says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in this state when revelation came down. Whenever revelation came down upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the colour of his cheeks and face would change, and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) would refrain from speaking. When the revelation was complete, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Hilal! Rejoice." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Call this woman." His wife was called, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah knows that one of you is lying; so is one of you ready to repent?" Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! I have spoken the truth. The narrator says: His wife said: He has lied before you. Then Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) was told: Testify four times that you are of the truthful. At the fifth testimony Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) was told: Fear Allah; the punishment of this world is lighter than the punishment of the Hereafter, and the fifth testimony is what makes the punishment of Allah binding. Hilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! Allah will never punish me, just as He did not have me lashed. The narrator says: He completed the fifth testimony, saying that the curse of Allah be upon him if he is of the liars. Then his wife was told: Give four testimonies that he is a liar. At the fifth testimony she was told: Fear Allah; the punishment of Allah is more severe than the punishment of people, and this fifth testimony is what makes the punishment binding upon you. She remained silent for a while, then said: By Allah! I cannot disgrace my people. She gave the fifth testimony that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he is of the truthful. The narrator says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that neither the woman nor her child is to be accused, that whoever accuses the woman or her child is to receive the prescribed punishment, and that the man owes her neither food nor housing, because they are separated without a divorce and without the husband having died. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Watch her; if she gives birth to a child with heavy buttocks, a brownish complexion and thin shins, it is Hilal bin Umayyah's. If she gives birth to a child with thick shins, heavy buttocks, a dusky complexion and curly hair, it is Sharik bin Sahma's."
The narrator says: She gave birth to a child with a dusky complexion, curly hair, thick shins and heavy buttocks, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Had the oaths not already taken place, I would have dealt with this woman."
Abbad says: I heard Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) say that he became a governor of cities, yet his father was not known.
