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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصداق
Book of the Dowry
باب: الشروط في النكاح
Chapter: Conditions in marriage
Bayhaqi 14432 — Conditions in marriage
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمْ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَهُمْ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: جَاءَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِلِيَّ فَقَالَتْ: يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنِّي كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَوَاقٍ، فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ فَأَعِينِينِي، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ قَضَتْ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهَا شَيْئًا، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا وَنَفِسَتْ فِيهَا: " ارْجِعِي إِلَى أَهْلِكِ فَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَنْ أُعْطِيَهُمْ ذَلِكَ جَمِيعًا وَيَكُونُ وَلَاؤُكِ لِي فَعَلْتُ "، فَذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَعَرَضَتْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا وَقَالُوا: إِنْ شَاءَتْ أَنْ تَحْتَسِبَ عَلَيْكِ فَلْتَفْعَلْ وَيَكُونُ وَلَاؤُكِ لَنَا فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ عَائِشَةُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " لَا يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا ⦗٤٠٦⦘ ابْتَاعِي وَأَعْتِقِي فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " فَفَعَلَتْ وَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي النَّاسِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَمَا بَالُ أُنَاسٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ تَعَالَى، وَلَا سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ قَضَاءُ اللهِ أَحَقُّ وَشَرْطُ اللهِ أَوْثَقُ وَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ: " الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى شُرُوطِهِمْ إِلَّا شَرْطًا أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا أَوْ حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا "، وَمُفَسَّرُ حَدِيثِهِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى جُمْلَتِهِ.
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Sayyidah Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) came to her and said: "O Aishah, I have made a contract of manumission (mukatabah) with my people for seven uqiyyahs, one uqiyyah to be paid each year, so help me." She had not yet paid anything of her contract. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who was keen on her, said: "Go back to your people; if they agree, I will pay them the whole sum at once and your wala' (right of inheritance from the freed slave) will be mine." So Sayyidah Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) went and put this to her people, but they refused and said: If she wants to do you a kindness seeking reward, let her do so, but your wala' will be ours. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let that not stop you; buy her and set her free, for wala' belongs to the one who sets free." So she did that. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood among the people, praised Allah, and then said: "What is the matter with people who stipulate conditions that are not in the Book of Allah Almighty nor in the Sunnah of His Prophet? Whoever stipulates a condition that is not in the Book of Allah, it is void, even if it be a hundred conditions. Allah's decree is more deserving to be fulfilled and Allah's condition is firmer, and wala' belongs to the one who sets free."
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It has also been narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him): "The Muslims are bound by their conditions, except a condition that makes the unlawful lawful or the lawful unlawful." And his detailed hadith explains the general one.
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It has also been narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him): "The Muslims are bound by their conditions, except a condition that makes the unlawful lawful or the lawful unlawful." And his detailed hadith explains the general one.
