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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصداق
Book of the Dowry
باب: أحد الزوجين يموت ولم يفرض لها صداقا ولم يدخل بها
Chapter: One of the spouses dies before a dowry was fixed for her and before consummation
Bayhaqi 14410 — One of the spouses dies before a dowry was fixed
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي أَنَّهُ " قَضَى فِي بِرْوَعِ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ وَنُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ مَهْرٍ فَمَاتَ زَوْجُهَا فَقَضَى لَهَا بِمَهْرِ نِسَائِهَا وَقَضَى لَهَا بِالْمِيرَاثِ " فَإِنْ كَانَ يَثْبُتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى الْأُمُورِ بِنَا وَلَا حُجَّةَ فِي قَوْلِ أَحَدٍ دُونَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَإِنْ كَثُرُوا وَلَا فِي قِيَاسٍ وَشَيْءٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ إِلَّا طَاعَةَ اللهِ بِالتَّسْلِيمِ لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يَثْبُتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُثْبِتَ عَنْهُ مَا لَمْ يَثْبُتْ وَلَمْ أَحْفَظْهُ بَعْدُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ يُثْبِتُ مِثْلَهُ هُوَ مَرَّةً، فَقَالَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ وَمَرَّةً عَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ وَمَرَّةً عَنْ بَعْضِ أَشْجَعَ لَا يُسَمَّى فَإِذَا مَاتَ أَوْ مَاتَتْ فَلَا مَهْرَ لَهَا وَلَا مُتْعَةَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي حَدِيثِ بِرْوَعِ بِنْتِ وَاشِقٍ: هَذَا الِاخْتِلَافُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ لَكِنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ إِمَامٌ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It has been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), may my father and mother be ransomed for him, that he gave judgement concerning Birwa' bint Washiq (may Allah be pleased with her), who had been married without a dowry and then her husband died: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) awarded her the dowry of her peers (mahr al-mithl) and awarded her inheritance." If this is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then it takes precedence over everything for us; there is no proof in the saying of anyone other than the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), however many they may be, nor in analogy; before his saying there is nothing but obedience to Allah by submitting to it. But if it is not established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then no one may attribute to him what is not established; and I have not yet come to know it through a route whose like is established: once it is narrated from Ma'qil bin Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him), once from Ma'qil bin Sinan (may Allah be pleased with him), and once from some man of Ashja' who is not named.
So if the husband or the wife dies, she has neither a dowry nor provision (mut'ah).
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the hadith of Birwa' bint Washiq: This is the disagreement that al-Shafi'i mentioned; however, Abd al-Rahman bin Mahdi is one of the imams of hadith.
So if the husband or the wife dies, she has neither a dowry nor provision (mut'ah).
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the hadith of Birwa' bint Washiq: This is the disagreement that al-Shafi'i mentioned; however, Abd al-Rahman bin Mahdi is one of the imams of hadith.
